【作者】 王艳；

【导师】 黄香伯；

【作者基本信息】 武汉体育学院 ， 体育教育训练学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 定向运动是一种借助地图和指北针按规定方向行进的体育活动。行进的方式以跑为主,辅以跳、跨、走、攀登。可以说田径运动的越野跑衍生出定向运动,定向运动离不开田径的跑,但定向运动的跑又不能等同于田径的跑。由于定向运动与田径不可分割的衍生关系,导致很多高校的定向运动训练与田径训练雷同。究其原由是忽略了定向运动的自身特点。运动训练理论与实践早已证明,任何项目的训练必须具有针对性。毋庸置疑,定向运动训练必须借重田径训练的理论、手段与方法,但必须具有定向运动的训练特点。然而,至今未见对定向运动跑的特点的专题性研究,以及训练中如何依据定向跑的特征进行针对性训练的文献。从实践的角度而言,笔者从事高校定向运动教练工作的前几年常以田径训练的手段与方法取而代之,效果甚微。近两年,依据定向跑的特点进行了针对性训练的实验研究,训练效果显著,应把训练实践的经验在理论上进行归纳与提升。本文运用文献资料法、实验法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、个案分析法进行研究。通过对8名运动员的实验研究,得出以下结论和建议:1、阐明了定向跑的特点,定向运动的跑是一种长距离的间歇式变速跑,其广延性和方位性比田径跑复杂,定向运动是融多种跑于一体的运动,是以有氧代谢为主的混合供能的运动,是智力与体力并重的运动。2、按照运动训练学区别对待原则衍生的针对性训练系统,源于训练实践,符合矛盾的特殊性、训练学一般原理。3、实验证明,实验施加因素针对性训练课时计划,能有效提高定向运动成绩。4、实验中选用符合定向运动特点与个人特点的训练手段与方法是行之有效的。5、定向运动已广泛进入高校,针对性训练手段与方法符合高校训练实际情况,建议推广使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The directional motion is one kind of sports with the aid of the map and the compass which march forward according to the appointed direction. Running is the main method of Marching ,accompanied by jumps, strides, walks and climbs. So we may say the cross country runs is derived from the track and field . the directional motion denpend on the running of the track and field, but they are not equal to each other.Because the relationship between the directional motion and the track and field is so close ,which have led to the similarities on the training of them in many universities. Based on the main reason ,that is, we have ignored the characteristics of the directional movement.The sports training theory and the practice had already proved that all the subject training should have their own aims .Undoubtedly, the directional motion training must rely on both theory and methods of the track and field . However, the documents on studying characteristics and the training of directional motion are rare now.From the angle of the practicing , author is engaged in directional motion training in university for several years. However, the effect is not distinct while using the training method of track and field. Recently, author has based on the characteristics of directional running to do some experimental study and the training effect is quite remarkable. So we should conclude and improve the theory systematically. .The article utilizes the methods of literature documents, experimentation , questionnaire, mathematical statistic and case study. Besides ,8 athletes to be the experimental samples, drawing the conlusion and suggestion as followed:1. To expatiate on the characteristics of the directional which is one kind of speedchange intermittent runs, mixed with the oxygen metabolismprimarily and it is also an movement which is consisted of the intelligence and the physical strength.2. In terms of different atheletes should take different training methods , we are supposed to training for special aims for it conforms to the contradictory particularity and the general training principles.3. The experiment proved that, the experiment exerts the factors on the training courses, which can enhance the directional motion result Effectively.4. Through the way of literature material analysis, interview, and training practice, the method is effective for it is based on the characteristics and individual personalities. 5. The directional motion is so popular in universities and conform to the situation, we suggest to use the method widely.更多还原