【作者】 齐元军；

【导师】 柳砚涛；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 现阶段，公务员具有较高的社会地位和良好的待遇。基于此，谈到公务员权利的救济和保护，就会招来非议。诚然，在建设法治国家的今天，如何规范政府及公务员权力的行使，防止其滥用，是行政法学及普通民众关注的焦点。而实际上控制公权力的行使与公务员权利的救济和保障是一个问题的两个方面，既不能混淆，也不能截然分开。虽然公务员群体在社会转型时期出现了一些问题，但不能就此成为忽视公务员权利的理由，二者不可混为一谈。同时，侵犯公务员权利实际上也是一个公权力滥用的问题。研究如何保障公务员权利的实现，也是控制公权力的一个重要手段。从这个意义上说，公务员权利的救济和保护与规范和控制公权力的行使是统一的。在我国公务员管理过程中，侵犯公务员权利的现象还是时有发生的。只不过由于对公务员权利的忽视，甚至公务员自身也早已习惯了管理过程中的人治现象，很多矛盾并没有暴露出来。自身权益遭受侵害的公务员，基于害怕报复、对救济缺乏信心等原因，往往选择沉默，不愿通过法律规定的救济途径维权，这样反过来又加剧了人事管理领域人治及权力恣意行为的发生。这些现象的出现，固然与整个社会法治秩序尚未完全确立有关，但不可否认与我国公务员权利救济途径不畅有直接关系。我国公务员权利救济制度存在诸多弊端，如仅以内部救济为主，排斥司法救济；救济机构设置重叠且不具有独立性；救济程序设置过于简单，缺乏可操作性等等，使权利救济的公正性、有效性难以得到保证。公务员具有双重身份，其权利是宪法和法律赋予的。有权利就需要有救济，有救济的权利才是完整的权利。更何况公务员作为国家权力的具体行使者，普通公民权利的保护者，其权利保障显得尤为重要。试想一个连自身权利都朝不保夕的人又怎能担当起保障他人权利的重任。另外，从我国公务员权利救济理论研究上看，还处在起步阶段，缺乏系统性和针对性。因此，研究公务员权利救济制度具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文写作分为五部分。前言部分主要在列举侵犯公务员权利的现象的基础上，指出研究公务员权利救济制度具有理论和现实的紧迫性。第一章公务员权利救济制度概述。首先概括公务员权利救济概念及含义，并对公务员及公务员权利的范围进行界定，明确公务员权利救济的对象及内容，然后阐述进行公务员权利救济制度研究的意义。第二章通过介绍西方公务员权利救济制度，总结其共性，揭示对我国公务员权利救济制度带来的启示。第三章首先对我国公务员权利救济制度的历史沿革进行考察，厘清其历史渊源，然后总结当前制度存在的各种问题。第四章提出完善我国公务员权利救济制度的具体构想，这是本文论述的重点。完善我国公务员权利救济制度，要在立足于我国具体国情的基础上，借鉴西方先进的法治理念和制度安排，努力使二者能有机结合。本章对一般公务员和特殊公务员权利救济加以区分，并对相关制度设计提出了具体设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,civil servant has upper social status and better reward, which brings reproach as soon as people mention the relief and protection of civil servant’s right. Of course, it gives no cause for more criticism. While Legal System Nation is forming, It has become the focus of the administrative law and common people to make a scientific criterion to carry out the government and civil servants’ power and avoid its abuse. In fact,the control of servants’ power exertion and the relief and protection of servants’ right are the two aspects of one problem, which cannot be confused and separate completely. Surely,some prolblems have appeared in the group of civil servant during the time of social transition, however, it cannot become the reason to ignore the civil servants’ right, they’re not the same. Meanwhile, infringing civil servants’ right actually is a problem of abusing civil servants’ power. It is an important way to control civil servants’ power to research how to protect the achievement of civil servants’ right. From this point of view ,the relief and protection of civil servants’ right and the criterion and control of civil servants’ power are uniform.During the management of civil servant in our country, the henomenon of infringing servants’ right has occurred at some time or other. However, still so much conflicts have not emerged because of ignorance of servants’ right and the adaptation of servants to being controlled by others. Civil servants whose interests have been infringed often choose to keep silence, because to solve it by normal way is not as good as through relations or others which is more convenience and rapid so that civil servant dare not and even can not to protect his remedy way by law, which increase the mangagement of personnel field and the abuse of civil servants’ power. All these phenomena are concerned with incompletely established social legalsystem ,but there’s no doubt that the important direct cause is that the relief of civil servants’ right system has so many problems, for example, to pay much attention to interior relief and exclude from judicial relief, to establish overlapped relief organizations and lack of independence, to establish too simple relief system and lack of feasibility, and so on,which makes it difficult to protect the equity and validity of right relief and hard to be believed by people. Civil servant has double status, his right is endued by the Constitution and Law. Where there is right, there is relief. Only rights with relief are comprehensive rights, which is the topic of legal nation. Civil sersant, as the executor of the national power and the protector of the common citizen’s right, his right protection is most important. If civil servant cannot protect his own right, how can he has drive to help others? In addition, from the research of civil servants’ right relief theory in our country,it has still been in the start up phase and lacks of system and direction. Therefore ,to research the civil servant’s right system has important theoretical and practical significace.This article includes five parts. The preface mainly points out the theoretical and realistic urgency of researching civil servants’ right relief system, based on listing the phenomona of infringing civil servants’ right. In chapter 1, concerning the survey of civil servants’ right relief system, at first it generalizes the concept and meaning of civil servants’ right relief and defines the meaning and scope of civil servant and his right, in order to make sure the object and content of civil servant’s right relief,and then clarigfy the significance of researching of civil servant’s right relief system. Chapter 2 through intrducing overseas civil servants’ right relief system and summing up the commonness it reveals the illumination of civil servants’ right relief system in our country. Chapter 3 it investigates the history evolution of civil servants’ right relief system in our country in order to find out its historical origin, then to summarize all kinds of problems in the present system. Chapter 4 puts forward the blueprint of perfecting civil servant’s right relief system in our country, which is the nucleus in the whole article. It suggests that civil servants’ right relief system in our country should be perfected by the way, standing on our national condition and using the western advanced legal concept and system arrangement for reference and trying our best to make a organic combination of them. This chapter distinguishes the right relief between the common civil servant and the special one, and conceives the plan to the design of relative systems.更多还原