公民慈善意识及影响因素分析

【作者】 杨明伟；

【导师】 程胜利；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 社会保障， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】在济南市的调查

【摘要】 慈善事业在在中国大陆却还是一项新兴事业，理论界既少有对慈善事业的探讨，也没有统一的定义。1994年4月12日，中华慈善总会成立，成为中国现代慈善事业诞生的标志，中国的慈善事业开始走上了健康发展的道路。由于现代慈善组织在我国发展历史还不是很长，虽然获得了不少的成就，但还存在着许多有待于提高的地方。慈善事业是一项社会事业，它的发展需要有一种社会氛围，也就是需要有公民慈善意识和社会慈善价值观的支撑。当大多数人还没有充分意识到慈善事业在社会发展中起着独特的作用，也就不可能产生公益意识和慈善意识，而是将公益事业和慈善事业完全归为政府的职责范围。社会慈善意识的觉醒与公民意识、公民社会、民主意识紧密相连，美国等发达国家公民意识、民主意识与慈善意识同样浓厚。而中国的情况则不同，在古代社会当儒家思想的深刻影响使得慈善事业的发展呈现出独有的特点；到了近代，在民族危亡的考验下，中国的慈善事业也取得了长足的发展；新中国成立后到20世纪80年代实行的计划经济体制，对慈善事业采取了排斥、敌视的态度，社会救助、社会福利、社会公益等项事业理所当然地完全由政府承担；改革开放以后，中国的慈善事业也开始了它的复兴。本文希望通过实地调查，更加全面、深刻地认识公民的慈善意识状况，丰富这一领域的研究成果，为进一步推动我国慈善事业的发展做出贡献。论文的第一部分主要讨论了研究课题的提出以及本研究的现实和理论意义。论文的第二部分是对相关文献的回顾，对我国慈善文化的演变进程进行了大致的梳理。从儒家思想影响下的古代到民族危机的近代，从建国后的计划经济体制到改革开放以后慈善事业的复兴，中国的慈善文化也发生了相应的变化。论文的第三部分介绍了本研究的研究设计和研究方法，包括概念界定、研究假设、研究内容和研究方法。论文的第四部分是对调查数据的统计分析。首先是对问卷调查数据的描述统计分析，从不同层面考察了人们对慈善事业的总体认识以及在认识的引导下可能产生的行为倾向，随后又通过因子分析和相关系数矩阵进一步揭示了各个变量之间的相关关系，对公民的慈善意识状况有了一个大致的了解。论文的第五部分是本次研究的结果讨论。当然，由于能力所限，从研究设计到最后论文的协作，仍然存在许多不足之处，研究假设也没得到完全的验证，希望能够在今后加以修正。更多还原

【Abstract】 Charity is still an emerging cause in China. There are rare theoretical studies in this area and no standardized definition. At April 12, 1994, the China Charity Federation was established, as a symbol Chinese modern charity. From then on, Chinese charity began to develop healthily. With a short history of charitable organizations, there are still many areas to be improved, although we have made a number of achievements.Charity is a social cause. It needs the support of charity sense and charitable social values. When most of people are still not fully aware of the unique role of charity in social development, it will be impossible to have a good sense of charity. Then the public welfare and charity will be seen as the responsibility of the government. The awakening of charity sense is closely linked to civic awareness, civil society and democracy awareness. The situation in United States and other developed countries is better, but the situation in China is very different. With the impact of Confucian, the development of charity in ancient society showed unique characteristics; From 1840 to 1949, Chinese charity has also made considerable development; From the founding of new China to the 1980s, charity was rejected by the planned economic system, social relief, social welfare, public utilities and other items were entirely born by the government; After the reform and opening up, China’s charity has begun to revive.With the help of field survey, this paper hopes to achieve more comprehensive and profound understanding of civic charitable consciousness, rich the research in this area, and promote the development of China’s charity.The first part of the paper focuses on the proposal of the subject and its practical and theoretical significance.The second part of the paper reviews the literature related and the evolution of our charitable culture. From the ancient society under the influence of Confucian thought to the modern times of national crisis, from the founding of the planned economic system to the rejuvenation of China’s charity after the reform and opening up, corresponding changes have taken place in China’s charitable culture.The third part of the paper introduces research design and methodology of this study, including definition, assumptions, contents and research methods.The fourth part of the paper is statistical analysis of survey data. First we can see the descriptive statistics of the data, and the inspection of the various dimensions of the overall understanding of charity and the possible behavioral tendencies. Then we have a general understanding of citizens’ charity awareness by factor analysis and coefficient matrix.Part V of this paper is to discuss the findings of the study. Due to capacity constraints, there are still many shortcomings in research design and final dissertation. And the hypothesis has not been fully verified, which is hoped to be amended in the future.更多还原