【作者】 郭美华；

【导师】 许广济； 丁雨田；

【作者基本信息】 兰州理工大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文针对电接触导线材料摩擦磨损行为的特殊性，以为热型连铸技术生产的新型电接触导线材料早日市场化提供可靠的试验和理论依据为背景，对MS-T3000多功能材料表面性能测试仪进行了改制，使其能够测量有无电流情况下材料的摩擦磨损性能。改制后的试验机结构简单，操作方便，可在一定范围内实现电压、电流、载荷、速度等单、多因素的连续可调，并保证了试验结果较好的重复性和再现性。本文在经改制的MS-T3000摩擦磨损试验机上，以黄铜块为摩擦副，对热型连铸技术生产的单晶铜和铜银合金接触导线施加不同的载荷、速度和电流，进行干滑动摩擦磨损试验，分析载荷、速度和电流对材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响，并对磨损行为和磨损机理进行了分析。另外又以铜基自润滑材料为摩擦副，进行了同样的试验，分析润滑了对单晶铜和铜银合金导线摩擦磨损性能的影响。试验结果表明：(1)在无电流干滑动摩擦情况下，随载荷的增加，单晶铜和铜银合金的摩擦系数呈先减小后增加的变化规律；磨损率呈线性增加，而且在相同载荷条件下，铜银合金的磨损率明显低于单晶铜。随速度的增加，单晶铜和铜银合金的摩擦系数逐渐减少；低荷载下的磨损率随速度增加逐渐减小，高载荷下的磨损率随速度增加呈先减少后增加的趋势。(2)在载流无润滑条件下，当电流较小时，电流的存在减小了单晶铜和铜银合金的摩擦系数和磨损率；当电流超过某一临界值时，单晶铜和铜银合金的摩擦系数和磨损率又会急剧增大，磨损加剧。(3)当滑块采用自润滑材料时，单晶铜和铜银合金的摩擦系数和磨损率大大降低，摩擦系数波动幅度非常小，电流、速度、载荷对摩擦系数的影响都不显著。(4)通过对单晶铜和铜银合金接触导线磨损表面形貌与收集的磨屑的微观分析表明：在无电流、低载荷时的磨损主要是磨粒磨损；高载荷下的主要磨损形式为疲劳与剥层磨损。载流条件下，当电流较小时，材料的主要磨损形式为粘着和氧化磨损；大电流下的磨损形式以氧化腐蚀磨损为主。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the particularity of friction and wear behaviors of electro-contact lead materials, to provide reliable experimental and theoretical basis for general adoption of market principle of new-style electro-contact lead wire materials by continuously directional solidification technology, MS-T3000 Mul-function Material surface performance tester, was modified .the modified device structure is simple and easy to operate,.moreover, the data acquired by test is proved to be exact. Single or multiple factors control on voltage, as well as current, speed, load can be continuously adjusted within certain range. Friction and wear behaviors of electro-contact materials with and without current can be measured on the tester.Unlubricated sliding experiments on monocrytal copper and Cu-0.1%WT Ag alloy with brass as frictional pair have been made under different load, speed, current. The effects of different factors on the friction and wear performance of electro-contact lead wire materials were analyzed. at the same time, we analyzed the wear behaviors and wear mechanism . In addition, taking self-lubricate material which is made of bronze and graphite as fictional pair, analysed the effect of lubricate on the friction and wear properties of monocrytal copper and Cu-0.1%WT Ag alloy. The experimental result shows:Under non-current non-lubricate sliding conditions, with the increasing of load, the friction coefficient of monocrytal copper and Cu-0.1%WT Ag alloy first decrease then increase. The relationship between mass wear rate and load displays linear increasing feature. With the same load, the mass wear rate of monocrytal copper is higher than that of Cu-0.1%WT Ag alloy. With sliding speed increase ,the friction coefficient decreases gradully. With small load, the wear rates slowly reduces along with the increase of sliding speed. With big load, along with speed increasing, mass wear rate first reduces then increases.Under non-lubricate with current conditions, when having small current, the friction coefficient and wear rate of monocrytalline copper and Cu-0.1%WT Ag alloy become small; when current exceed some critical value, the friction coefficient and wear rate of monocrytal copper and Cu-0.1%WT Ag alloy will become very big. When taking self-lubricate material as fictional pair, because of lubricate effect, the friction coefficient and mass wear rate greatly reduced. The fluctuation range of friction coefficient is very small, the current, sliding speed and load have little effect on the friction coefficient and wear rate.By analyzing the worn surface of the contact wire and collected wear debris of SEM micrographs, it indicated that without current, the main wear form is grain wear. under small load, while fatigue wear is the main wear form under high load. Under current, when having small current, the main wear forms are adhesive and oxidation wear; when having big current, oxidation and erosion wear are the main wear form.更多还原