【作者】 曾红娟；

【导师】 史明昌； 李智广；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 开发建设项目水土保持监测是对开发或建设性项目水土流失及其治理动态实施监测，并分析评价水土流失危害及其治理成效的过程。目前，这项工作的信息管理与分析仍处于简单的人机结合操作模式下，自动化和科学化程度较低，工作效率和成果精度仍不高。新形势、新技术的发展对开发建设项目水土保持监测管理的信息化提出了新的、更高的要求。本研究构建了相对统一的开发建设项目水土保持监测指标体系。监测指标体系分为指标类、指标亚类和指标三级，指标类包括水土流失影响因子指标类、水土流失状况指标类、水土流失危害指标类、水土保持措施指标类和水土保持效益指标类5大指标类，在此基础上确定了12大指标亚类及103个指标，并提出了各指标的监测方法及监测频次。本研究提出了合理的开发建设项目水土保持监测布局，依据水土流失类型、地形地貌类型、土地利用类型和主体工程功能单元类型进行监测分区，在各分区内布设不同类别监测点对各监测指标实施动态监测，获取各监测指标的状况，类推至所在分区乃至整个项目区，掌握各指标的整体状况。本研究对水土保持监测管理机构和监测单位业务、数据进行详细分析，综合应用3S技术、计算机网络技术、数据库技术、管理信息系统等先进技术，设计了集数据采集、处理、存储、管理、分析、决策于一体的开发建设项目水土保持监测信息系统。系统设计为桌面版和网络版两个版本的系统，采用Region Manager软件为开发平台，采用Access数据库管理关系数据，采用文件管理系统管理图形数据和多媒体数据。系统开发采用多层结构、组件化(COM、COM+)作为主要的开发技术手段，设计数据输入、项目基本情况管理、水土保持监测设计、水土保持监测信息管理、成果输出等5个子系统，分别实现不同的功能，并构成统一的有机整体。研究成果将能被应用到监测管理机构和监测单位作为信息管理和数据分析的工具，以提高工作效率和成果精度；有助于规范开发建设项目水土保持监测行为，为今后水土流失预测和制定防治方案提供依据；系统的建设有助于数据积累，为将来数据挖掘和模型建立提供基础数据，对于掌握全国开发建设项目水土流失的动态变化也具有十分重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil and water conservation monitoring of development & construction projects is a process of implementing real-time monitoring dymamic change of soil & water loss and contorl, analyzing and estimating soil and water loss disater and control benefit of development and construction projects. At present, the work of information management and data analysis is operated simply combined with human and computer. Under this mode, the automatic and scientific degree is low, the work efficiency and result precision is not enough. The development of new position and technoques has put forward newer and higher demand of the information management of soil and water conservation monitoring of development and construction projects.This research constructs a relatively uniform monitoring indicator system which is divided to three levels that are indicator group, indicator subgroup and indicator. The indicator group is consist of five groups, which are soil and water loss influence factors indicator group, soil and water loss status indicator group, soil and water loss disaster indicator group, soil and water conservation measure indicator group, soil and water conservation benefit indicator group. Then it ascertains twelve indicator subgroups and one hundred and three indicators baded on the indicator group, and puts forward monitoring methods and frequency of each indicator.This research puts forward a reasonable assignment of soil and water conservation monitoring. The monitoring sub area is plotted based on soil and water loss type, terrain and physiognomy type, land use type and function cell type of the project. Different kinds of monitoring points are implanted in each sub area for implementing dynamic monitoring of different monitoring indicators to obtian the basic data of each indicator’s status. Then the data is used to derivative the entire status of indicators in the sub area even the whole distriction.This research does a detailed operation and data analysis of management organ and implement department of soil and water conservation monitoring.It synthetically applies advanced technoques such as 3S technoques, computer network technoque, database technoues, management information system technoque, and so on, and designs a soil and water conservation monitoring management information system of development and construction projects which can realize data collection, processing, storage, management, analysis and decision-making application. This system, which contains a desktop version and a network version, choses Region Manager as development platform, Access as relation data management, file as figure and multimedia data management. It adopts multi-tier structure and compenent (Compenent Object Model and Compenent Object Model Plus) as main develop technoques, designs five subsystems which are data input, management of basic project information, soil and water conservation monitoring design, management of soil and water conservation information, achievement output. Each of these subsystems has its own function. All of them form an organic system.The result of this research could be applied as information management and data analysis tool for the monitoring management organs and the monitoring departments to improve the work efficiency and result precision. It will be help to standardize the behavior of soil and water conservation monitoring of development and construction projects, provide gist for forecasting the soil and water loss and establishing preventing and controlling scheme in future.The system is helpful to data accumulation. It will provide foundation for data mining and model establishment. And it’s also of great significance for mastering the dynamic changes of soil and water loss of development and construction projects throughout the nation.更多还原