【作者】 张颖；

【导师】 曹礼昆；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目前中国风景园林设计从业人员已有8万多人。但是，在风景园林设计师人才中，最走俏的是中高级技能人才，其需求每年增加50％以上。2007年夏季，涌入就业市场的风景园林专科及以上的应届毕业生将达到2-3万人。市场现在缺乏的是有实战经验的风景园林设计师，而没有实际经验的应届毕业生已经在逐渐趋向饱和。本文调查分析了风景园林市场，通过对国内风景园林学科体系、课程设置和教学概况的研究试图寻找市场需求和高等教育之间的联系，同时对比研究欧美及日本和台湾的风景园林教育体系和市场，将市场作为检验教育的标准，对比国外寻找可借鉴的经验，对我国风景园林教育情况进行了研究。在中国风景园林市场方面，按照公司体制、规模等大体把风景园林设计专业的学生毕业后可以进入的行业公司分为以下五种类型：事业单位规划设计研究院类，较大的国内事业单位改制后成为企业的公司，外资企业设计公司，房地产类型公司和私营风景园林规划环艺设计类公司。从风景园林师就业行情来看，除了风景园林规划设计事务所、建筑设计事物所和规划部门之外，从自然资源开发管理到生态环境保护，从道路交通系统到电力电讯网络、环保局、水利局、土地局、林业局、园林局等许多部门都需要风景园林师。从就业市场来看，如果一个毕业生想要能够对这些职位随意选择，那么他必须具备规划、建筑、林学、地学、管理学、旅游、环境、资源、社会文化、心理等全面的知识技能。在风景园林设计师的培养方面，将来我们的培养趋势应该有两个大的方面。一种是知识技能全面化的高级综合型风景园林设计人才，另一种是对新技术、新材料、风景园林小品、标识系统设计、雕塑艺术、生态环保等边缘学科的“精”“专”人才。由欧美等国家风景园林学科发展和市场运作研究得知，在风景园林教育方面不可能有一个统一整合的学科课程设置方式，因此，在保留各学校教学特色的同时，如何让毕业生更适合市场需求，体现学科应用型特点才是研究重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 There have been 80,000 landscape designers in China till now. But the most popular landscape designers are those who have the deluxe technical ability, and the demand grows up about more than 50% every year. It is anticipated that there would be 20,000 or 30,000 graduates students go into the landscape market in summer of 2007. Nowadays the market needs designers had actural experience, and the green hands who have just graduated from school are gradually going to be brushed-off.This article Investigated and analysis the landscape architecture market of China to find the relationship between the market needing and the higher education by the research of the academics system, the course constitution and teaching general situation. Then research the education system and market of landscape architecture contrast to Europe, America, Japan and Tai Wan. Take the market as the standard of the education, contrasting abroad to look for experiences that can draw lessons from, and research the education situation of our landscape architecture education.On the market of Chinese landscape architecture market, this article devides the landscape companies in China to five types by the management charactors, scale and other apects: planning design research institutes managed by government, personnal companies changed from government department, overseas-funded enterprises design company, estate companies, personnal gardenning and indoor decorate companies.From the landscape designers taking up employment condition of the market, expect for the landscape design business office and planning government department, from natural resources development management to ecosystem environmental protection, from the road transportation system to electric power tele-communications network, environmental protection bureau, conservancy bureau, land bureau, forestry bureau, park bureau and some other companies needs landscape designers. Seen from the employment market, if a graduate student wants to choose position freely, so he has to have a planning, architecture, forestry, earth ,manage, tourist, environment, resources, social culture, mental state...etc. overall knowledge technical ability.On the aspect of development of our landscape designer, our development trend should have two main aspects in the future. One is the deluxe comprehensive type that the knowledge technical ability turns completely, another kind is to the new technique, the new material, scenery park essay, the marking system design, carve an equilateral good luck academics of art, the ecosystem environmental protection is a "particularly" talented person.BE waited the national landscape architecture academics development and market by the Europe and America to operate a research to know, there can not be an academics course constitution method that unifies integration on landscape architecture education. Therefore, at the time of reserving teaching features of different schools, it is more important to make out how to let the graduate students fit the market need more, extive the application type academics characteristics.更多还原