中国东南地区石构墓葬研究

【作者】 谭玉华；

【导师】 杨楠；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 考古学与博物馆学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文运用考古类型学、地层学及文化因素分析法，对中国东南地区石构墓葬进行分区、分期的研究，系统的梳理了中国东南地区石构墓葬的文化内涵、类型特点，论述了其演变过程，并对石构墓葬的交互关系及来龙去脉进行了探讨。绪论部分对中国东南地区石构墓葬的发现与研究状况进行了综述，并指出在石构墓葬研究中存在的问题，提出本文的研究方法与研究目标。第一章对中国东南地区石构墓葬进行了分区分期研究。文章把石构墓葬分为三类——石床(石框)墓、石室墓、石棚墓，分别对每类石构墓葬的延续情况进行了分区的考察，文章最后把石构墓葬的发展分为五阶段七期，并总结了各阶段陶器特征及各阶段石构墓葬的年代。石构墓葬最早出现在商末周初，一直延续到战国时期。第二章总结不同区域不同发展阶段石构墓葬的类型特征。其中石床(石框)墓为中国东南地区石构墓葬的主要形式，分布最广，存续时间亦较长。它可分为四型，A型为墓底石框型、B型为石床型、C型为石床带框的复合结构、D型为类石堆型，每型又有若干式，代表了其演变发展的不同阶段，其存续时间为商末周初至战国时期。石室墓分布区域仅限于太湖杭州湾地区和福建浦城，依据墓葬结构的规整与完备程度可以划分为三型，A型为不完全石室型、B型为盖顶石室型、C型为带墓道或甬道石室型。其存续时间为西周中期到战国。石棚墓分布在浙南沿海的个别地点，分为三种类型，其发生时间为商末周初。第三章对中国东南地区石构墓葬的文化性质与渊源去向、交互关系等进行了探讨。其中，太湖杭州湾区与新安江衢江流域闽北区的文化面貌较为接近，可以看作同一考古学文化。太湖杭州湾区与宁镇区在文化面貌上有一定的差异，但基本的器物组合是一致的，可以看作是同一考古学文化，但属不同的类型。光泽杨山M2的文化面貌比较独特，可称为“杨山类型”。浙南沿海区石构墓葬的内涵特征独特。石构墓葬体现了古代人群事死如事生的观念，其形制是中国东南地区古代人群居室形态的反映。石构墓葬作为中国东南地区土著文化形态，随着代表中原文化的竖穴土坑墓的发展而消失。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article utilized typology、 stratigraphy and cultural factor analysis, studied the region-division and the period-division of the Stone-constructed tombs of the South-East of China, studied the cultural content , the feature of structure of S.C.T of the South-East of China, systematically made an inquiry into the process of evolution relation related origin and development of S.C.T.In the preface the article collected and analyzed all the materials on S.C.T of the South-East of China, and pointed out the questions which existed in the research of S.C.T, pose the method of research and the goal of research.In chapter one S.C.T of the South-East of China was divided in four periodsand seven stages. S.C.T included three styles--the tombs with the base of stoneor with the margin of stone、 mastaba、 dolmen. This article studied the time of each of S.C.T on the region-division, and summarized the features of pottery on different stages and the years of S.C.T. S.C.T had appeared in the later Shang Dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty and disappeared in Warring States.In chapter two this article summarized style and feature of S.C.T in different regions and different stages.The tombs with the base of stone or with the margin of stone of S.C.T of the South-East of China is the main style, it disturbed grandly and lasted long. It included four styles, each of style included several patterns which symbolized the patterns of the same style in different stages, this kind of S.C.T existed from thelater Shang Dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty to Warring States.Mastaba distributed only in the region of the Taihu lake-the Hangzhouwan Bay and Pucheng in Fujian, according to the degree of the regularity of the structure of the mastaba it was divided three styles. Style A is semi-mastaba, style B is the mastaba with top, style C is the mastaba with gallery or covered corridor. Mastaba existed from middle period of Zhou to Warring States. Style C disturbed in coastal area in south of Zhejiang, there is three sub styles, it appeared in the later Shang Dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty.In chapter three this article made inquiry into the nature of the culture and the origin and development of S.C.T, the relation related of S.C.T.S.C.T reflect the thinking of "to the died is like to the living", its structures come from the house of ancient people of the South-East of China, as the form original of the culture of the South-East of China, it disappeared with the development of the earthen-shaft of Culture of Zhongyuan.更多还原