【作者】 王民；

【导师】 卢双舫；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 地球化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 作者在大量的国内外生物气勘探和开发调研和微生物动力学研究的基础上,祥述了生物气形成的物理、化学条件和地质条件,并研究区地质条件进行了分析。认为松辽盆地有一定的有利条件,但也有不利因素。有利条件是,地理位置处于有利纬度范围,盆地规模大;层位上白垩纪地层沉积速度较快,厚度大;浅层发育多套厚层广泛分布的泥岩,构成有利的生储盖组合;古湖盆水底温度低,pH值适中,多还原环境;有机质丰富,藻类含量高;白垩纪沉积后构造活动弱。不利因素是普遍认为松辽盆地白垩纪古地温梯度偏高,又是淡水沉积。本次研究在国内外首次建立了评价生物气生成期、生成量的化学动力学和生化动力学模型。其中地质样品活化能分布主频都在90～100KJ/mol附近,空白样活化能分布在80～90KJ/mol附近。而热成因气活化能一般大于200KJ/mol。因此在较低地温下,如果产甲烷菌发育,则可以形成生物气,如果配以较好的储层、盖层,则可以形成一定规模的生物气藏。厘定了生化动力学生物气生成过程的动力学参数,完成了计算方法研究,两种方法在柴达木盆地应用结果表明,随埋深增大生气速率先增加后减小,生成速率最大值对应埋深600米左右。首次建立了一种计算多套源岩的天然气扩散损失量方法,并研发了相应软件,对松辽盆地生物气源岩扩散损失量进行了计算。基于化学动力学和生化动力学方法结合建立的多套气源岩扩散定量计算模型,计算了松辽盆地北部生物气损失量,范围在（53.66～133.76）×10¹²m³。首次对松辽盆地北部生物气资源量进行系统评价,其中运用动态聚集的思想估算资源量,化学动力学法计算的资源量最大,生化动力学法计算的资源量最小,资源量范围为（1.10～3.02）×10¹²m³;物质平衡法估算资源量范围在（235.5～470.8）×10¹²m³。基于上述原理和方法预测了有利分布区。垂向上,将松辽盆地生物气的勘探层位划分为以嫩二段为区域盖层,青一段～嫩二段地层为生储层的下部组合;以明一段为区域盖层,嫩三段～明一段为储层的上部组合。下部组合的有利分布区在三肇凹陷的东部及南部,上部和下部组合的继承性有利分布区有黑鱼泡凹陷,西部斜坡区的二站～阿拉新一带,红岗油田一带。推荐首选探区为黑鱼泡凹陷。基于上述研究和结论对研究靶区-松辽盆地北部生物气勘探给出了建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on biogenic gas exploration and microorganism kinetics studing, the phsic, chemical and geological condictions which biogenic gas generation needed are discussed, combine the geological conditions of research, these conculsions can be clear: both advantangeous factors and disadvantageous factors exist in Song Liao basin. The advantageous factors are geographical position, basin scale, quick subsiding rate of the Cretaceous stratum, thickness of source rock, low temperature of plaeo- lake bottom, advantageous source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, moderate alkalinity acidity, reducing environment, rich in organic matter, and rich in alga and weak tectogenetic movement after the Cretaceous; the disadvantageous factors are high geothermal gradient and freshwater deposit.Chemical kinetic model and biochemical kinetic model used to appraise biogenic gas generation period and generation amount are firstly established both here and abroad, two type models also successfully applied to appraise biogenic gas resource of Song Liao basin. Chemical kinetic model is established and its kinetic parameters are also demarcated, basic frequency of activation energy of geological samples is from 90 KJ/mol to 100KJ/mol, and that of CK samples is from 80 KJ/mol to 90KJ/mol. So under the low temperature, and if methanogen flourish, the biogenic gas can generate. If there is good reserivor and caprock, the biogenic gas reserivor can be formed. Biochemical kinetic model is established and the kinetic parameters are demarcated. The application of two type kinetic models shows that, he biogenic gas generation rate increases with the buried depth firstly, and then decreases when reaches to the maximum （the corresponding buried depth is 600m）.A method to calcualt natural gas diffusion amount is also established, it is also applied to Song Liao basin, and the corresponding softeare is also exploered, which aim to the multi-source rocks. Combined with the chemical kinetic model and biochemical kinetic model, the loss amount of biogenic gas of Song Liao basin is calculated, which ranges from 53.66 to 133.76×10¹²m³.Using the dynamic accumulation method to count resource amount, the resource amount calculated by chemical kinetics is more than that calculated by biochemical kinetics, and the range is from 1.10×1012m3 to 3.02×10¹²m³. The resource amount calculated by material balance method ranges from 235.5×10¹²m³ to 470.8×10¹²m³. Based on the resorce appraisement, advantageous areas are predicted. A partition scheme is given, two type of source-reservoir-cap combinations are given in vertical. The lowercombination contains n2 stratum which is cap rock and qn1～n2 stratums which are source rock and reserivor.The upper combination contains m1 stratum which is cap rock and n3～m1 stratums which are source rock and reserivor. The desserts of lower combination are east and south Sanzhao sag, Heiyupao Sag, Erzhan～Alaxin region and Honggang oil field are the deserts of both two combinations.更多还原