【作者】 刘颖；

【导师】 栾庆德；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 机械设计及理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,常规游梁式抽油机因其结构简单、操作维修方便、使用寿命长等原因,仍为各大油田的主要采油设备,其数量约占抽油机总数的50%左右。但因其主体结构为铰链四连杆机构,其运动速度、加速度峰值、扭矩因数峰值、曲柄轴净扭矩峰值都较大,扭矩曲线波动亦较大,存在负扭矩,因此能耗较大,对在役常规游梁式抽油机进行节能技术改造具有非常重要的意义。本文在改造成本低,现场维护及操作方便的前提下,建立了常规游梁式抽油机运动学、动力学分析的数学模型,分析得出常规游梁式抽油机四杆机构中游梁后臂C、连杆P以及曲柄半径R的减小都可以降低扭矩因数峰值,减小所需最大平衡扭矩,使减速箱曲柄轴净扭矩曲线变得平缓,波动减小。因此,本文中提出了三种优化方案,分别为优化游梁后臂C;优化游梁后臂C和连杆P;优化游梁后臂C、连杆P和曲柄半径R。采用了遗传算法分别对三种方案进行了优化设计,由优化结果分析可得,优化后抽油机悬点速度、加速度、扭矩因数峰值都降低了,在原有最大平衡扭矩的作用下,平衡度都有明显的提高,且极位夹角均增大了,工作制度变为非对称循环,同时曲柄轴净扭矩峰值都有明显的减小。三种优化方案中,通过对比分析得出,对游梁后臂C进行改造不仅可以节约改造成本,且改动件少,现场安装方便,电机输出功率可由原来的11.77kw减小到9.88kw,节电率为15.95%,达到节能降耗要求,为最佳改造方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Presently the conventional beam pumping unit is main device of oil extraction in oil fields for the simply configuration, convenient operation and service, long using life and so on. The quantity is more than 50% of the total amount of pumping units. But because its major configuration is four-bar linkage, the maximum value of the velocity, acceleration, torque factor and torque of winch shaft is relatively larger, and the fluctuation is also larger. The crank maximum torque value is also bigger and even to be negative, so it is power-wasting. It is all-important and meaning to reconstruct the conventional beam pumping unit for power-saving.The kinematics and kinetics mathematics model of the conventional beam pumping unit is established in this article according to the lower reconstruction cost, convenient maintenance and operation. The result is obtained that the peak value of torque factor is minished, the requited balance torque is reduced along with the minishing of beam latter arm C, perch P and winch semidiameter R. The torque curve of decelerating chest winch shaft becomes more mild and its fluctuation is debased. So three optimal plan is advanced in the article.They are optimizing beam latter arm C ,optimizing beam latter arm C, perch P and optimizing beam latter arm C, perch P , winch semidiameter R. The genetic algorithms is adopted to optimize them individually. The result is obtained that the peak value of velocity, acceleration, torque factor is all minished after optimization. Balance value increases distinctly with same maximal balance torque, and the limitable angle augments also, the work system becomes non-symmetry circulation. At the same time the peak value of torque of winch shaft is diminished. According to the contrast analysis, reconstructing beam latter arm C is the best one. Because the reconstruction cost is saved , reconstructive component is few and fixing is convenient. Electromotor output power is 9.88kw which is 11.77kw before optimization. Saving electricity rate is 15.95%. the requirement energy-saving and wasting-reducing is achieved.更多还原