论转型期中国的司法功能

【作者】 周斌；

【导师】 尹春丽；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 转型期的中国社会是多种时代成分并存，利益关系失衡的断裂社会。在这样的一个充满机遇与挑战的社会，司法只有通过改革才能与时俱进，才能为促进社会的伟大变革发挥自己积极而不可或缺的作用。而不论是制度还是理念的革新，都必须围绕更有效地发挥司法的功能这一目标展开。本文试图以西方现代法治社会的司法功能为参照，考察当前中国社会司法功能的现状，推演转型期中国司法功能的精义及其实现之道。 考察西方现代法治社会的司法功能，可以归纳为纠纷解决、权力制约、人权保障、政策制定四个方面。随着黑格尔所称的“司法国家”时代的到来，司法功能的强化已经成为世界潮流。司法发挥其强大功能的正当性根基有两方面不同的解读；一是认为相对隔绝于民意的司法有利克服民主本身的弊端，尤其是所谓的“多数人暴政”；二是认为司法应被视作宪政意义上人民所保留的权力，从而具有至上的地位。 受转型期中国社会政治、经济、文化条件的制约，司法功能被宽泛界定并体现出“能动化”的特征，同时司法功能过于单薄的弊端也暴露无遗，具体表现为：纠纷解决功能的非权威化；权力制约功能的异质化；人权保障功能的边缘化；政策制定功能的非自主化。 在以构建社会主义和谐社会为目标的转型期中国社会，司法功能的精义是衡平。司法的衡平功能是着眼于司法对具体社会关系所发挥的规范、整合、指引、协调等作用而进行的提炼，是指司法在社会利益关系出现冲突并造成明显失衡状态时，通过技术校正，实现利益关系新的均衡的功能。司法衡平不仅是构建和谐社会的时代要求，也是中国传统司法的实质追求，现代法治国家司法的基本精神，乃至后现代社会司法回应社会的价值尺度。为了司法衡平功能的有效发挥，主体、制度、理念、环境、技术等要素都不可或缺。具体而言，应当着重把握如下几个主要方面关系的平衡：一是司法独立与司法受制，关键是要明晰司法权的界限；二是司法理性与立法理性，要旨是建立两者之间共生互补的关系；三是政治功能与法律功能，要义是寻求政治功能的法律化消解，规范政治影响司法的途径，强化司法的沟通与协商功能，妥善解决“审判政治化”问题；四是人民自由与国家理性，精髓是切实尊重与保障人权。 总之，突出司法的衡平功能是司法对社会现实需求的正当回应，是中国司法成长的基本方向，是中国司法改革的重要价值取向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Chinese society of the transformation period is a fractured society in which various ages compositions co-exist, the interest relation is out of balance. In such a society filled with opportunities and challenges, only by way of reform, justice can keep pace with the times, and exert aggressive and necessary functions for promoting great transform of society. But, the innovation of whether system or idea, must be launched surrounding the target that judicial functions can be more effectively exerted. By reference to judicial functions of the modern western society ruled by law, this article try to investigate the current situation of the Chinese social judicial functions, deduce the essence of the Chinese judicial functions of the transformation period, and the way to achieve it.Investigating the judicial functions of the modern western society ruled by law, there are four aspects: settling dispute, restricting the power, safeguarding human rights, formulating policies. Along with the arrival of the ages of "justice country" called by Hegel, strengthening the judicial function has already become world trend. There are two different interpretation for the just foundation of justice exerting its strong functions, one is that, as relatively isolated from the public opinion, justice has more advantage in overcoming the defects of the democracy, particularly, so-called "tyranny of the majority"; another is that, justice should be regarded as the reserved power of people in the constitutional sense, so it has the highest position.Restricted by political, economic, and cultural conditions of china of transformation period, the judicial functions are defined in a wide range, and embody the characteristic of "activity", moreover, the defect of judicial functions being too weak exposes all without omission, it is concretely expressed as: The function of settling dispute being non-authoritative ;The function of restricting power being dissimilated; The function of safeguarding human rights being peripheral; The function of formulating policies being not autonomous.In the Chinese society of the transformation period, which regards structuring the socialist harmonious society as the target, the essence of judicial functions is equating. Thejudicial equating function is extracted from the effect exerted by justice on the way of acting on concrete social relation, such as normalizing, integrating, guiding, and coordinating etc. The judicial equating function can be defined as that, justice achieves a new balance of interest relation through the technique to correct, when the social interest relation appear conflict and result in the state of obvious imbalance. The judicial equating functions are not only the time request of structuring the harmonious society, but also the substantive pursuit of Chinese traditional justice, the basic spirit of justice of modem country ruled by law, the value dimensions of postmodern society justice responding to the society.In order to exert judicial equating function effectively, the factors, such as subject, system, idea, environment, technique etc. are all necessary. Speaking concretely, the balances of main relations which should be emphasized to grasp are as follows: The first, justice being restricted and judicial independence, the key is that the limitation of judicial powers ought to be distinct; The second, the judicial rationality and the legislative rationality, the essential points is that symbiotic and complementary relation of the two side should to be established; The third, the political functions and the legal functions, the principal points lie in: exploring legal solution of political functions, normalizing the path of politics influencing justice, enhancing the judicial functions of communicating and negotiating, resolving " politicizing of trail" problem appropriately; The forth, people’s freedom and national rationality, the quintessence is that human rights must be respected and safeguarded feasibly.In a word, giving prominence to the judicial equating functions is the just judicial response to the realistic requests, the basic direction in which the Chinese justice will grow up, the important value tendency of the Chinese judicial reform.更多还原