【作者】 宋欢；

【导师】 张权；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 隐喻不只是一种语言修辞手段,更是一种思维方法,是我们对外界抽象范畴进行概念化的强大认知工具。现代隐喻学研究表明:人类语言整体上是一个隐喻性的符号系统;隐喻是“语言无处不在的原则”(Richards);隐喻是人们思维,行为和表达思想的一种系统方式,即隐喻概念(Lakoff)。本文同意以上对隐喻的观点并从认知语言学角度对时间隐喻进行了分析。将时间隐喻提升到认知的层面来分析,实际上深化了我们对时间概念的理解。本文中,作者首先回顾了历史上四种对隐喻的不同观点,即亚里士多德观点,传统语言学观点,Searle的语用学观点以及互相作用理论观点。因为这四种观点没有阐明隐喻在人类概念化过程中不可或缺的基础作用,作者从而引出了认知语言学观点,并在对该观点的阐述中得出结论—隐喻即是抽象的推理,是基于空间概念的意象图示的隐喻投射。本文接着从三个方面—词汇,语法和语料展开对时间隐喻的相对系统的认知分析(首先从词汇层面的分析分出两类时间隐喻—“本体时间隐喻”和“空间运动时间隐喻”,并提出了相应的认知模式;然后讨论了时间隐喻在语法层面的延伸,详细分析了不同时态间隐喻映射关系;最后从语料的定量分析角度讨论了各个认知模式的应用频率),从而为认知语言学的这一观点“人类的抽象推理总的来说是隐喻性的,并且普遍的认知推理是存在的”(Lan Chun),提供佐证,这也是本文的主要开篇目的。最后作者提出了本研究的不足之处,并为今后的研究提出了建议。本文所做的研究只是认知科学对人类概念化进行研究的长途中的一小步,希望能为今后隐喻的研究提供帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 Metaphor is not merely a figure of speech in rhetoric regarded as traditionally, but a way of thinking and a powerful cognitive instrument for our conceptualization of abstract categories. Modern metaphorical studies show that the human language is integrally a metaphorical system of symbols, that metaphor is“the omnipresent principle of language”(Richards) and that metaphor is a systematic way of thinking, conducting and communicating, that is,“metaphorical concept or conceptual metaphor”(Lakoff). This study agrees with the above views on metaphor and adopts the cognitive approach in carrying out the analysis of temporal metaphors. By explaining the concept of time on the level of cognition, this study actually deepens our understanding of TIME.In this study, the author first reviews four pre-cognitive approaches to metaphor in history, that is, Aristotelian approach, the traditional linguistic approach, the pragmatic approach of Searle, and the interactionist approach in order to elicit the cognitive approach to metaphor, because all these four approaches fail to recognize metaphor’s fundamental and indispensable role in human conceptualization, in the discussion of which the author concludes that metaphor is abstract reasoning that is based on spatial reasoning through the metaphorical mappings of image schemas. Then a relatively systematic cognitive analysis of temporal metaphors from three aspects, that is, the lexis, the grammar and the corpora is carried out in order to provide a piece of evidence for the cognitive linguist’s claim—“our abstract reasoning is largely metaphorical and there should exist universal metaphorical concepts”(Lan Chun), which is also the major purpose of this study. And also in this part the author puts forward that space-time extension is the most actively used metaphorical extension in temporal expressions. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for future researches are put forward.This study is only one small step of a long journey of cognitive investigation into human conceptualization. Hopefully, this study can provide helpful advice for further researches in metaphor.更多还原