【作者】 王海凤；

【导师】 李义久；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 分析化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 用反渗透膜法制备纯水因其具有运行成本低、无再生废水排放、出水水质稳定等优点，已逐步替代传统的离子交换法。但反渗透膜表面的结垢问题严重影响了反渗透法的运行能耗及反渗透膜的使用寿命。因此，研制新型高效的反渗透膜阻垢剂抑制其结垢现象具有重要的实际应用价值。 本文在系统地研究了四种反渗透膜阻垢剂单体阻垢性能的基础上，通过筛选复配，制备出新型低磷阻垢剂—复配阻垢剂，其磷含量仅为进口同类产品MDC220的1／3左右，可有效控制反渗透膜表面的微生物污染及排放浓水的磷富营养化现象。 静态阻垢实验的结果表明，阻垢剂单体2-膦酰基丁烷-1，2，4-三羧酸（PBTC）阻碳酸钙垢性能最好，水解聚马来酸（HPMA）阻硫酸钙垢阻垢率最高，膦基聚羧酸（JN-518）阻碳酸钙及硫酸钙垢能力均较强，氨基丙磺酸—丙烯酸共聚物（ZF-322SG）阻磷酸钙及氧化铁分散性最优。复配阻垢剂的阻碳酸钙垢、阻硫酸钙、阻磷酸钙垢及氧化铁分散性能均优于进口产品PTP—0100和MDC220。 实验发现，膜阻垢剂的阻碳酸钙垢阻垢性能受水中钙离子浓度及碱度的影响较大，随着水中钙离子浓度的增加，对碳酸钙垢阻垢率随之下降，钙离子浓度为250mg／L时，复配阻垢剂的阻垢率为87.5％；钙离子浓度为1500mg／L时，复配阻垢剂的阻垢率降至70.0％。碱度同样导致对碳酸钙垢阻垢率降低，碱度为250mg／L时，复配阻垢剂的阻垢率接近100％；碱度为1500mg／L时，复配阻垢剂的阻垢率降至52.0％。 模拟实际水质及运行条件进行动态反渗透膜制水试验，结果表明，加入反渗透膜阻垢剂可抑制反渗透膜的结垢，循环进出水中的钙离子浓度（初始为1200mg／L，加复配药剂运行120小时后为750mg／L）远高于空白对照组（为450mg／L），且复配药剂明显优于进口药剂PTP—0100和MDC220。 通过测定膜阻垢剂对钙离子的容忍度，发现复配阻垢剂对钙离子的容忍度最高（为344.26mg／L）。随着温度的升高，各种膜阻垢剂的钙容忍度不断降低；硬度对钙容忍度的影响较小，但Ba²⁺、Sr²⁺的影响较大。加入2000mg／L的Ba²⁺时，复配阻垢剂的钙容忍度降为原来的80％；加入2000mg／L的Sr²⁺时，复配阻垢剂的钙容忍度降为原来的60％；Ba²⁺、Sr²⁺对PTP—0100和MDC220钙容忍度的更多还原

【Abstract】 By the virtue of low run expense, no regenerative waste water drain, steady product water quality, RO has gradually substituted ion-exchange in the market. But the sediment of scale on RO membrane seriously affects run energy loss and RO membrane life. So it is worth developing a novel and high efficient RO scale inhibitor.Based on the research into the scale inhibition of four monomers, a novel RO membrane scale inhibitor - confected scale inhibitor is developed by filtrating and mixed formulation. The phosphate in confected scale inhibitor is about 1/3 of MDC220. It can efficiently control microbial pollution and eutrophication of concentrated water to let.The result in the static experiment show that PBTC is best for inhibiting CaCO₃, HPMA is best for CaSO₄, JN-518 is good for CaCO₃ and CaSO₄, ZF-322SG is best for Ca₃（PO₄）₂ and the dispersing for Iron trioxide. The confected scale inhibitor is better than PTP—0100, MDC220 in the effect of inhibiting the formation of CaCO₃, CaSO₄,Ca₃（PO₄）₂ and the dispersing for Iron trioxide.In order to research the stabilizing performance of confected scale inhibitor to scale, scale inhibitor is used in the water containing diverse concentration of hardness, alkalinity to test the influence of above factor to the performance of scale inhibitor. The result show that the effect of inhibiting the formation of scale decreases with the increase of the hardness. When Ca²⁺ is 250mg/L, scale inhibition rate is 87.5%. WhenCa²⁺ is 1500mg/L, scale inhibition rate is 70%. Alkalinity has the same effect. When HCO₃^- is 250mg/L, scale inhibition rate is about 100%. When HCO₃^- is 1500mg/L, scale inhibition rate decreases to 52.0%.This article also studies the effect of inhibiting scale by simulating the actual water quality and the practical run parameter on the reverse osmosis,the result indicate that confected scale inhibitor can effectively inhibit the formation of scale and the sediment of scale on RO membrane. When the initial Ca²⁺ is 1200mg/L, Ca²⁺ in the water containing confected scale inhibitor is 750mg/L, being higher than the Ca²⁺ in blank water （450mg/L）. Moreover the effect of confected scale inhibitor is better than PTP-0100, MDC220.The calcium tolerance of the confected scale inhibitor, PTP—0100, MDC220 are determined finding that the confected scale inhibitor is the highest（344.26mg/L） ,the更多还原