【作者】 李娟；

【导师】 李怀恩；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 宁夏是西北高原的干旱地区，当地的水资源量稀少，农业的稳产高产主要靠引黄灌溉。随着当地国民经济的发展，生活、工业、农业和生态对水资源的需求量日益增长，当地和客水提供的水量将无法满足今后发展所需。我国目前关于水权初始分配的研究尚处于初级阶段，对水权的分配往往仅限于宏观的理论指导，缺乏微观定量化的研究。本文首先根据宁夏引扬黄灌区的实际，提出一种新的水权分配模式，得到了当地水权分配的具体量值；然后，着重研究了灌区的需耗黄河水量，针对灌区“大引大排”现象提出了较为实用的解决方法，对当地经济的发展和节约型社会的建设具有重要的意义。 本文以宁夏引扬黄灌区为研究对象，论文的主要内容和取得的成果如下： 1．以有效性、公平性和可持续性为原则，针对宁夏灌区的实际情况，筛选出15个指标因子，建立了水权初始分配指标体系，并构造了层次结构模型。利用“德尔菲法”请专家对各指标因子的权重进行打分，统计结果，并做判断矩阵的一致性检验。最终得出宁夏五个地级市—银川市、石嘴山市、吴忠市、中卫市和固原市的初始水权量值。 2．以宁夏灌区14个县为基本单元，统计2000～2002三年各县的社会经济状况指标和需耗水定额，分别计算出各县“三生”的需水量和耗水权。结果显示，现状年灌区14个县总需水量为65.31亿m~3，总耗水权为32.46亿m~3；预测2010年的总需水量为66.72亿m~3，总耗水权为34.29亿m~3。 3．基于求得的灌区14县农业耗水量，利用参数求出农业耗水量对应的直开口水量和田间初始水权，与各县对应干渠提供的直开口水量和田间初始水权进行对比，指导灌区引黄水量的控制与协调。 4．针对宁夏当地水资源供需平衡的矛盾，对宁夏整个灌区建立区域水平衡模型，预测出灌区现状年总的排水量为41.54亿m~3，排引比为0.56。 5．分别对宁夏引黄灌区10个县和扬黄灌区4个县建立不同的水平衡模型，分别考虑不同研究区域的模型因子，预测各个县的排水量。结果显示，现状年引黄灌区10个县的排水量总和为36.93亿m~3，扬黄灌区4个县的排水量总和为1.93亿m~3。 6．本文的模型计算全部采用MATLAB编程。输入不同资料后，模型程序能够给出所需要的结果。本文研究对于宁夏灌区水资源合理配置和管理具有重要参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ningxia, where there are rare water resources, is drought district in Northwest Plateau. In Ningxia, stable and high yield of agriculture mainly depends on water diversion of Yellow River Irrigation Areas. With local economic development, the water resources demands of life, industry, agriculture and zoology gradually increase, and local water as well as foreign water can’t meet future requirement of development. At present, the studies on initial allocation of water rights at home are in its primary step, whereas the allocation of water rights is usually restricted to macroscopically theoretical instruction and lack microscopically quantitative studies. According to the practicality of Yellow River Irrigation Areas in Ningxia, a novel pattern of water rights allocation is presented and the specific values of local water rights allocation are obtained in this paper. Then, the study focuses on Yellow River water consumption demand. According to the phenomenon that there are large water diversion and drainage in Irrigation Areas, a practical solution, which takes on important meaning in local economic development and the construction of economical society, is developed.This paper studies Yellow River Irrigation Areas of Ningxia. Main contents and contributions are summarized as follows:1 In terms of the principles of efficiency, equity and sustainability and according to the practical situation of Ningxia Irrigation Areas, 15 indexes, which establish the index system of initial water rights allocation, are screened out and hierarchical structure model is developed. With DELPHI method, the indexes weights are marked by experts. The results are used to make consistency check of decision matrix. Finally the initial water rights values of 5 cities in Ningxia are obtained. Finally the initial water rights values of the 5 Ningxia cities -Yinchuan City, Shi Zuishan City, Wuzhong City, Zhongwei City and Guyuan City.2 With 14 counties in Ningxia Irrigation Areas as basic unit, indexes of social and economic status, as well as rations of water requirement and consumption, from 2000 to 2002 are summarized. Then every county’s water demand rights and water consumption rights of life, production and zoology are calculated respectively. The results shows that in Irrigation Areas 14 counties, the gross water demand rights of present year is 6531million m~3, gross water consumption rights of present year is 3246 million m~3,forecasted gross water demand rights of 2010 is 6672 million m~3,gross water consumption rights of 2010 is 3429million m~3.更多还原