【作者】 许文强；

【导师】 支玲； 赵璟；

【作者基本信息】 西南林学院 ， 林业经济管理， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】以黑龙江省三北工程人工林为例

【摘要】 大气二氧化碳浓度的升高是导致全球气候变暖的重要因素之一,因此,如何控制二氧化碳气体的排放量、降低大气中二氧化碳的浓度越来越成为国际社会关注的焦点。而森林在吸收、固定二氧化碳方面扮演着极其重要的角色。本文研究的初衷就是要对森林的这一作用做出评价,并力求达到以下目的:第一,探讨森林碳汇价值评价理论;第二,探索森林碳汇价值评价方法;第三,以黑龙江省三北工程为例,运用上述理论和方法对人工林碳汇价值作出评价。针对林业工程的特点,本文综合运用林学、经济学、生态学、环境经济学、资源经济学以及资产评估学等方面的知识,分析、探索合理可行的评价理论和方法,并对收集数据进行分析处理,对黑龙江省三北工程第一阶段建设人工林碳汇价值进行了评价。经研究,初步形成以下观点和结论:1.碳汇的内涵可以归结为:碳汇是一种汇集、吸收和固定二氧化碳的功能;是一种从大气中清除二氧化碳的过程、活动或机制;是一个汇集碳、贮存碳的贮存库;碳汇表征一种净吸收碳的状态。2.森林碳汇具有资产的属性,并且包含生态资产、资源资产和无形资产等多重内涵。3.森林碳汇具有经济学的特性:首先,森林碳汇具有稀缺性,这种稀缺性既表现为现有存量上的绝对稀缺,也表现为由工业发展和森林的其他用途所带来的相对稀缺;第二,森林碳汇具有公共物品的特性;第三,森林碳汇具有正的外部性特征。4.在碳汇量的估算方法中,换算因子连续函数法综合反映了林龄、立地、个体密度和林分状况等因素的变化,使得森林生物量、碳汇量的估算值更趋准确;同时,该方法由样地调查向区域尺度的推算过程也非常合理、简便,能够很方便地按照森林资源清查数据估算出大尺度的森林碳汇量。5.对于涉及国际碳汇贸易的林业项目来说,森林碳汇价值量的确定具有一定的特殊性,森林碳汇给项目所在国带来了两方面的效益:一方面是通过国际碳汇贸易所带来的经济效益;另一方面是森林提供碳汇服务所带来的生态效益。因此在确定森林碳汇价值量的时候,应充分考虑这两方面的因素。6.黑龙江省三北防护林工程建设第一阶段人工林碳汇价值共12.49亿元。其中,工程第一期建设(1978～1985年)的人工林碳汇价值为3.34亿元,占第一阶段总价值的26.75%;工程第二期建设(1986～1995年)的人工林碳汇价值为5.22亿元,占第一阶段总价值的41.77%;工程第三期建设(1996～2000年)的人工林碳汇价值为更多还原

【Abstract】 Increasing density of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is one of the important factors that make the globe warmer. Therefore, it has been becoming a focus that how to control the release of the carbon dioxide and decrease the density of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Obviously, forests play an important role of absorbing and fixing carbon dioxide. The original intention of the research is just to evaluate the role of the forests. And this dissertation try to reach the following targets: First, discussing the theory on the evaluation of the forest carbon-sink; second, probing the method of the evaluation of the forest carbon sequestration; final, using above theory and method to evaluate the artificial wood carbon-sink of the Sanbei Shelterbelt Project in Heilongjiang.According to the characteristics of the forestry project, this dissertation synthetically uses correlated knowledge, such as forestry, economics, ecology, environmental economics, resource economics and assets evaluation, and analyses and probes reasonable and feasible theory and method on evaluation. At the same time, this dissertation evaluates the artificial plantation carbon-sink of the first stage of the Sanbei Shelterbelt Project in Heilongjiang through analyzing and dealing with the collected data. Eventually, this dissertation tentatively makes the following viewpoints and conclusions:1 The connotation of carbon-sink can be concluded as follows: carbon-sink is a kind of function by which carbon dioxide can be absorbed and fixed; carbon sequestration is a kind of process, action and mechanism by which carbon dioxide can be cleared from the atmosphere; carbon sequestration is a sink in which carbon can be collected and saved; carbon-sink symbolizes a state in which carbon is more absorbed than released.2 Forest carbon-sink has the characteristics of the assets. Furthermore, its connotation is eco-assets, resource assets and intangible assets.3 Forest carbon-sink has some economic characteristics: first, forest carbon-sink is scarce, and the scarcity is either an absolutely scarce deposit or a kind of relative scarcity that the development of the industry and the other use of the forest make; second, forest carbon-sink has the characteristics of the public goods; final, forest carbon-sink has a positive externality.4 As for the methods of estimating amount of the forest carbon-sink, the method of continuous function of biomass expansion factor synthetically indicates the changes of更多还原