【作者】 靖伟伟；

【导师】 刘根起；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 应用化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 高分子智能凝胶是由具有三维交联网络结构的聚合物与低分子介质共同组成的多元体系，其大分子主链或侧链上含有离子解离性、极性或疏水性基团，对溶剂组分、温度、pH值、光、电场、磁场等的变化能产生可逆的、不连续（或连续）的体积变化。目前，国内外对高分子智能凝胶的研究主要集中在温敏性智能凝胶和pH敏感性智能凝胶方面，而对电场响应的智能凝胶研究较少。从人工肌肉、驱动器和化学机械系统的角度看，温度或溶液pH的改变操作起来比较麻烦，且改变的速度较慢从而限制了凝胶的刺激响应速度。由于电场很容易施加且调控起来非常方便，有利于实现材料的快速响应，因而电响应智能凝胶在高分子智能材料的应用研究方面具有广阔的前景。目前，响应速度慢和材料机械性能欠佳是电响应智能凝胶材料亟待解决的问题。 本文通过将聚乙烯醇化学交联制得了聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶，并首次通过将聚乙烯醇水凝胶硫酸酯化的方法制备了一种新型电响应性智能水凝胶—聚乙烯醇硫酸钾（PVSK）水凝胶。并详细研究了PVSK水凝胶的溶胀吸水率、机械性能以及PVSK水凝胶的电刺激响应行为，在此基础上本文又考察了对温度，溶剂组成以及Cu²⁺离子的刺激响应行为。 研究结果表明，通过硫酸酯化的方法，在PVA水凝胶高分子网络中引入了可解离的—OSO₃K基团；制得的PVSK水凝胶的酯化度为67.45％；PVSK水凝胶平衡溶胀吸水率随NaCl溶液离子强度的增大而减小，在pH值2.39～10.83范围内基本不受溶液pH的影响；经不同离子强度和pH的NaCl溶液充分溶胀的PVSK水凝胶具有良好的机械性能；于非接触的直流电场作用下，PVSK水凝胶向电场负极弯曲，凝胶的弯曲速度和弯曲偏转量随外加电场强度的增加而增大，随NaCl溶液离子强度的增大出现临界最大值（0.1），随凝胶厚度的增加而减小，但不随溶液pH（=2.08～10.83）的改变而改变，在循环电场作用下，PVSK水凝胶的电刺激响应行为具有良好的可逆性；由于PVSK水凝胶对Cu²⁺的螯合作用，使得PVSK水凝胶在CuSO₄溶液中收缩，在CuSO₄，EDTA溶液中交替浸泡，可以实现凝胶条的收缩和伸长，收缩率可达44％，具有较好的可逆性；在不同溶剂组成的水-乙醇溶液中，PVSK水凝胶在水含量76％～77％之间时存在明显的体积相更多还原

【Abstract】 Polymer gel is a three-dimensional network of crosslinked polymers containing considerable amounts of solvent. Polymer gels can undergo continuous or discontinuous volume change caused by an external stimulus such as pH, temperature, solvent composition, ionic strength and electric field etal, showing artificial intelligence. At present, the reasearches on the electroresponsive intelligent hydrogel are less than those of the pH and temperature. The change of pH and temperature is difficult to operate and the response of the gels is also limited. The electroresponsive intelligent hydrogels have wide foreground in the application of the polymer intelligent gels as the electric field is easy to control. At present, the poor mechanical properties and the slowly electroresponsive speed are the two main defects of the electroresponsive intelligent hydrogel.In this study, a novel electroresponsive intelligent hydrogel of crosslinked polyvinyl sulfate potassium (PVSK) hydrogel was prepared by the sulfating reaction of crosslinked polyvinyalcohol, and the effect of the ionic strength and pH on the swelling ratio at equilibrium 、 mechanical properties and electroresponsive behaviors of the PVSK hydrogel were studied. On this condition, other stimuli-responsive behaviors were also studied in this paper.The experimental results indicated that the ester value of the PVSK hydrogel was 67.45% by the sulfating reaction; the swelling ratios at equilibrium of PVSK hydrogel decreased with increasing of the ionic strength of NaCl solution and were almost invariable in the pH range 2.39-10.83; The PVSK hydrogels swollen in NaCl solution of different pH and ionic strength presented excellent mechanical properties; The PVSK hydrogel bended toward the cathode under non-contact D.C. electric field in NaCl aqueous solution, the bending speed and bending strain of the PVSK hydrogel increased with increasing of the applied voltage and were almost invariable in the pH range 2.08-10.53; the bending speed and bending strain of the PVSK hydrogel was also influenced by the thickness of the PVSK hydrogel and with increasing of the thickness, the bending speed and bending strain was decreased; The electroresponsive更多还原