汽车独立悬架刚柔耦合建模及性能仿真研究

【作者】 姚艳；

【导师】 赵宁；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 车辆工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 悬架系统是汽车的一个重要组成部分，汽车悬架性能是影响汽车行驶平顺性、操纵稳定性和行驶速度的重要因素。随着轿车豪华化和高性能化，独立悬架得到了广泛的应用，因此，研究独立悬架的性能特性非常必要。 本文以某车前双横臂独立悬架为研究对象，运用多体动力学理论和软件，从悬架系统运动学与弹性运动学的领域出发，对悬架进行仿真分析，分析评价其性能。 根据双横臂独立悬架的实际系统，简化出与其原理一致的抽象几何模型，依据已有的悬架定位参数，基于Adams／Car模块建立悬架系统的多刚体模型。 结合有限元分析软件ANSYS，利用它与ADAMS的接口，把受力较大的部件下横臂柔性化，建立悬架系统的刚柔耦合仿真模型，使仿真计算的结果更贴近实际。 在Adams／Car模块下，对双横臂独立悬架系统进行运动学和弹性运动学仿真，包括左右车轮平行跳动仿真和静态加载仿真，整体分析悬架性能参数的变化，并比较多刚体模型和刚柔耦合模型得到的结果曲线，研究下横臂的柔性对性能参数的影响。 按照双横臂独立悬架的数学描述，利用解析几何的方法编制程序计算前轮定位参数随轮跳变化的理论值，并与仿真值进行比较，验证模型的正确性。 根据运动学仿真的结果，通过调整悬架导向机构的布置型式对结构进行改进，从而优化不符合设计要求的性能参数。 最后讨论轮跳和外加载荷共同作用下悬架主要性能参数一前轮定位参数的变化情况，并绘制了三维曲面图，使仿真结果更加直观。 通过本文的研究，为悬架系统的设计和试验提供了比较重要的参考依据，对现代的汽车悬架的设计、开发、性能评价有重要的指导意义，从而可以有效地缩短悬架系统的开发周期，节省研制经费。更多还原

【Abstract】 Suspension system is an important part of an automobile. The performance of suspension is an important factor of affecting the ride comfort performance, handling stability performance and speed. With the luxury and high performance of automobile, independent suspensions are widely used. For that, it’s very necessary to study the performance of independent suspension.In this paper, the research object is a front double wishbone independent suspension of a car. Multibody Dynamics theories and software are used. Based on the fields of suspension kinematics and elasticity kinematics, the simulation computation to the independent suspension model is carried on.Firstly, according to the actual construction of double wishbone independent suspension, a virtual geometric model whose principle is consistent with the actual suspension system is established. The article builds the multi-rigid-body model of the suspension system based on the known parameters in Adams/Car.Secondly, a rigid-flexible coupled model of the suspension is established when the material properties of the lower control arm is taken into account to get more precise simulation results.Thirdly, the suspension kinematics and elasticity kinematics simulations are carried on in Adams/Car. For example, parallel wheel travel test and static load test. The varying regularity of performance parameters are analyzed. The results of multi-rigid-body model and rigid-flexible coupled model are compared.Fourthly, using the method of analytic geometry, the changes of front wheel orientating parameters with respect to front wheel center bound and rebound are calculated , which is compared with the simulation results. The correctness of the suspension model is verified.Then, according to the results of the kinematics simulation, the construction of the suspension is improved by changing the type of the oriented machine, and the performance parameters are optimized which can’t conform to the requests of design.Finally, the changes of front wheel orientating parameters are analyzed when wheel travel and load are all acted. The three-dimensional surface plots are mapped .So, the simulation results are more distinct.The research in this thesis provides some valuable conclusions and simulation approach for the design and experiment of suspension system, which can instruct the design, research, performance estimate and effectively reduce the manufacturing periods and cost of suspension system.更多还原