【作者】 石磊；

【导师】 王世平；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 欧亚种葡萄在贮藏过程中存在两大难题,一是容易受病菌侵染而腐烂变质,二是因为失水易发生脱粒、干梗等现象,失去其商品价值。臭氧是一种强氧化剂,可以杀死大部分的细菌、真菌和病毒。涂膜保鲜就是在果蔬表面涂上一层薄膜,该层膜可以阻塞皮孔,抑制呼吸和防止水分蒸腾。针对以上两个问题,本试验以无核白鸡心和红地球为试材,主要研究了以下内容:(1)分别用不同浓度的臭氧气体和臭氧水处理葡萄,研究其对葡萄表面灰霉菌的杀菌效果。(2)通过采用壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸纳、果蜡四种不同的涂膜剂对葡萄进行涂膜处理,研究其对葡萄贮藏保鲜的效果,从中筛选出效果最好的涂膜剂后,再用不同浓度的该种膜处理,从而选出膜的最适浓度。(3)综合以上试验,设计两种方案:一是先用具有良好的杀菌效果的臭氧水处理葡萄,然后用最适浓度的涂膜剂进行涂膜;另一种是先用最适浓度的涂膜剂进行涂膜,将涂膜的葡萄装入保鲜袋中,然后通入臭氧气体。研究臭氧和涂膜对葡萄贮藏保鲜的综合影响。结果表明:(1)臭氧水和臭氧气体杀菌效果都较好,其中臭氧气体(16.7mg/L·S-1 ,20min)对灰霉菌的杀灭率为99.9%;12ppm臭氧水对灰霉病菌的杀菌率为96.8%。(2)在4种可食性涂膜中,壳聚糖涂膜保鲜效果最好。涂膜保鲜,可以有效地抑制葡萄腐烂率和鲜重损失,提高果梗的保鲜能力,延缓葡萄变色和维生素、糖、有机酸的分解,有效维持果实品质,延更多还原

【Abstract】 Microorganism infection and stalk desiccation are two main negative factors in grape ( V. vinifera L) storage, which result in a large lost of grape economic value. Therefore, sterilization and inhibition of respiration and transpiration of the grape might be two effective ways to prolong the storage life of grape berry. Ozone is a strong oxidant which can sterilize major parts of bacterium, fungi and virus. Edible coatings smeared on the surface of the berry can block the lenticels, for which the respiration and transpiration of fruit can be restrained. To study the effect of ozone and edible coatings in grape storage, two grape cultivars,‘Centennial Seedless’and‘Red Globe’were selected to carry out the research and treated as below: (1) Grape fruit were treated by Ozone and aqueous Ozone at different concentrations, respectively, and then investigated their effects on Botrytis cinerea of grape fruit surface. (2) Chitosan、Carboxymethyl cellulose、Alginic-acid sodium、fruit wax were selected as edible coatings, and the optimal edible coatings and appropriate concentrations were screened according to their effects on grape storing and fresh-keeping. (3) Ozone and edible coatings were both applied with the optimal concentration screened above during grape storage. The results included:1) Both aqueous Ozone and Ozone had strong ability to sterilize most of microorganisms on grape surface. The disinfection rate of Ozone(16.7mg/L·S-1, for 20min)was 99.9 %, and the rate of aqueous Ozone更多还原