【作者】 杨庆庆；

【导师】 莫凌侠；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 法学理论， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 商战不可无秘密。正是因为市场竞争的异常激烈,企业为在竞争中占据优势地位,将自己不为公众知悉且能为企业带来经济效益的技术信息或经营信息采取保密措施,使之成为自己拥有的商业秘密。然而,再严密的保护措施也会让别人找到疏漏之处进而通过不正当竞争方式侵权。在我国,随着市场经济的逐步完善与发展,人才的自由流动已成为一种必然趋势,不少职工频繁跳槽。由于许多跳槽的职工已掌握了原单位的商业秘密,该单位的竞争对手则不惜重金将其挖走。在高薪的利诱之下,许多职工纷纷跳槽,同时将其掌握的原企业的商业秘密披露给新的企业使用,致使原企业的竞争优势大打折扣,经济损失惨重。此外,离职职工利用原企业的商业秘密另起炉灶、自行创业的现象也相当的普遍。为此企业往往求助于竞业禁止制度来限制企业人员流向竞争者的企业。通过竞业禁止制度的建立,可以在一定程度上有效防止经济生活中日益猖獗的商业秘密侵权行为。竞业禁止原是西方发达国家的雇主对雇员所采取的以保护其商业秘密为目的的一种法律保护措施。随着世界各国市场竞争的激烈化,其适用范围日渐扩大,已成为民商法中的一个重要法律制度。竞业禁止有广狭二义,本文研究的是狭义上的竞业禁止制度,是指对与特定营业具有特定民事法律关系的特定人所为的竞争性特定行为的禁止。竞业禁止法律关系的双方当事人之间具有特定的民事法律关系。竞业禁止所要限制的行为,实质上是一种广义上的不正当竞争行为,其义务来源于法律规定或者当事人约定。竞业禁止的理论依据是经济学上的“代理成本理论”、法学上的诚实信用和忠实义务原则、契约自由原则与合理限制竞争原则。竞业禁止的制度价值在于保护企业的商业秘密、促使企业高级管理人员勤勉敬业,从而达到保护企业利益的最终目的。但是,目前,我国商业秘密保护中的竞业禁止制度尚未形成完备的法律体系。由于法律制度的不完善使得在现实中,企业与员工签订竞业禁止协议或条款时,出现种种的不规范,如竞业禁止期间过长、适用对象过宽泛,竞业禁止范围过大等等,严重损害了劳动者的合法权益。在司法实践中,如何有效保护企业的商业秘密,而又充分维护劳动者的合法权益,成为一个亟待解决的问题。本文试图运用比较分析、价值分析等法学和经济学的思考方法,对商业秘密与竞业禁止的基本问题,我国商业秘密保护中竞业禁止的立法思路与法律保护模式,我国约定竞业禁止的立法、司法现状和存在的问题以及约定竞业禁止纠纷的解决等问题进行探讨。以期对我国商业秘密保护中竞业禁止的立法起到一些借鉴作用,使我国商业秘密保护中的竞业禁止制度能更有力的保护商业秘密,维护公平竞争的社会秩序。文章从商业秘密保护着手,以此作为讨论竞业禁止问题的前提,认为人才流动是引起商业秘密流失的重要途径,而建立竞业禁止制度是保护商业秘密的一种有效的方式。文章接着论述了竞业禁止的含义及其相关法理,提出我国对商业秘密保护中竞业禁止应采取“慎重肯定与严格限制”的立法思路和法律保护模式。针对我国约定竞业禁止的现状,本文从立法、司法等方面提出了一些可行的完善建议。探讨了约定竞业禁止的合法要件,认为应当从采用约定竞业禁止的前提、承担义务的主体范围、限制择业的范围、限制的期限、限制的地域范围以、合理的补偿及竞业禁止协议的形式等方面规范约定竞业禁止的运用。对约定竞业禁止纠纷的解决应采取特殊的解决机制,如实行双重认定标准、举证责任倒置、借鉴国外禁令制度等。法律的生命在于实践,研究商业秘密保护中的竞业禁止制度,就是要用合理的竞业禁止制度限制不正当竞争行为的发生,实实在在的保护市场经济中健康有序的竞争环境和商业秘密权利人的合法权益,阻止行为人破坏市场竞争秩序和侵犯商业秘密的不法意图;就是要用合理的竞业禁止制度限制商业秘密权人,不得滥用竞业禁止,对劳动者课以沉重的负担,保护劳动者的合法权利不受侵害。竞业禁止作为商业秘密保护的重要手段,其在立法上的完善关乎商业秘密保护体系的建立、劳动者合法权益的保护以及市场经济有序竞争秩序的维护与健康发展。因此,对商业秘密保护中的竞业禁止的研究是极具理论和现实意义的。更多还原

【Abstract】 There can never trade war without secret. The enterprises have taken measures to keep the technological and managerial information as their own trade secret which can bring them profits and which are not familiar with the pubic so that they can have a position of advantage in the competition. However, even the strictest measure can never prevent infringement by unjust competition because people can still find the hole. In our country, along with the market-oriented economy gradually consummation and the development, talented person’s freedom flows already becomes one kind of inevitable trend, many staff frequently change job. Because many changes job the staff has grasped the original enterprise’s trade secret, this competitor’s enterprise then does not hesitate the large sum of money to employ them. In under the high wages enticement, many employees change job in abundance, at the same time the original enterprise which grasps it regards as the most precious object the trade secret to disclose for competitor’s enterprise use, causes the original enterprise the competitive advantage to sell at a discount greatly, the economic loss is serious. In addition, leaves job the employee to use phenomenon also suitable universal which the original enterprise trade secret starts an undertaking. For this reason, enterprise often seeks help for the system of prohibition of competition in same industry (PCSI) limits the employee to flow to competitor’s enterprise. Through the PCSI system establishment, may effectively prevent in the economic life in the certain degree day by day the rampant trade secret abuse of authority.The PCSI system has been a legal measure to protect trade secret in western developed country, which has been used popularly by the employer. With the development of the market-oriented economy, the areas it can be used is increasing. Now it has become an important regulation in Civil Law. There are broad and narrow ways to define research, I define in the narrow way as to prohibit the competitive who have specific civil legal relations with specific business. Based on the legal rules or agreements between related parties, the obligation of PCSI is not to act. PCSI is confined in time and space. The theoretical foundation is based on agent cost theory in economics and honest principle, freedom of contract principle and reasonable limit competition principle in legality. The systematical value is to protect trade secret, and to promote the top management, so that the trade interest is protected eventually. But ,at present, we haven’t established complete legal system as to the legal stipulation on the PCSI system in the protection of trade secret. Because the legal system is imperfect,when the reality, the enterprise with signs the convent not to compete, appears all sorts of is not standard, like limit period excessively long, the suitable object too is broad, scope oversized and so on, seriously has harmed worker’s legitimate rights and interests. In jurisdictional practice, how to protect the trade secret efficiently, and how to defend the workers’ legitimate rights and interests fully, have been a law contradiction which need to be solved urgently. The thesis is trying to study the basis questions of trade secret and PCSI, the legislation mentality and legal protection pattern of the PCSI system in the protection of trade secret in our Country, the present situation and existence question of convent not to compete and dispute solution with the comparative analysis and value analysis method of legal science and economics. The expectation to our country the PCSI system in the protection of trade secret legislation to some model functions, enables its the more powerful protection trade secret, maintains the fair competition the social order.This thesis starts with trade secret and makes it as the base for the issue to PCSI and draws the conlusion that talents mobility is the main cause that leads to trade secret infringements and it is a good way to establish the PCSI system. This thesis then elaborated the PCSI meaning and its the related legal science theory, proposed our country should adopt“the prudent affirmation and the strict limit”legislation mentality and the legal protection pattern. In view of convent not to compete present situation in our country, the thesis from aspect and so on legislation, judicature proposed some feasible consummates the suggestion. The author lists seven criterions to judge the reasonableness of convent not to compete. Those criterions are the precondition for convent not to compete, subjects who shall bear the responsibility in convent not to compete, scope of convent not to compete, time limit of convent not to compete, geographic scope of convent not to compete, compensation for employees and the form of convent not to compete. And for the issue of covenants not to compete, it must adopt special issue management system, such as Implements dually recognized the standard, presents evidence the responsibility inversion, the model overseas prohibition rule system and so on.The legal life lies in the practice, studies PCSI system in the protection of trade secret, is must use the reasonable PCSI system limit not right to compete the behavior occurrence, protects in the market economy the health to have the foreword the competition environment and the trade secret owner legitimate rights and interests, prevents person to destroy the market competition order and the infrigement trade secret illegal intention. Is must use the reasonable PCSI system limit trade secret owner, does not have to abuse the competing industry prohibition, increases the serious burden for the employee, protects employee’s lawful right not to violate. PCSI took the trade secret protection the important method, it concerns the trade secret protection system in the legislation consummation the establishment, the employee legitimate rights and interests protection as well as the market economy has the foreword to compete the order maintenance and the healthy development. Therefore, is has the theory and the practical significance extremely to the PCSI system in the trade secret research.更多还原