【作者】 谷加恩；

【导师】 周建明；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】以政策法令为视角

【摘要】 陕甘宁边区是抗日战争时期中共中央所在地,同时,陕甘宁边区又是当时全国最贫瘠的地区之一,不仅如此,抗日战争时期的陕甘宁边区经常遭受日本军队的空袭,边区周围还驻有大量国民党军队对边区实行严密封锁。然而,就是在这样严酷的环境下,中国共产党人及边区政府不仅得以生存,而且得到了发展壮大。就其原因,就在于中国共产党及其政府得到占边区人口绝大多数的农民的拥护和支持。而要得到农民的衷心拥护和支持,必须首先解决农民的吃饭问题,否则任何政权是很难巩固的。对此,毛泽东也强调,“一切空话是无用的,必须给农民以看得见的物质利益”[1]。在抗日战争时期,边区的党和政府制定和实施了一系列政策、法令,从而保证了边区农民的物质利益,解决了他们的吃饭问题。边区的党和政府得到了农民的拥护,边区政权才在日本和国民党军队的进攻和封锁下得以生存和发展壮大。农民生计问题涉及到方方面面,是一个很复杂的体系,而并非如一般人所认为的仅从土地方面,即仅仅通过“减租减息”所能解决。本文无意对当时边区党和政府所采取的一切措施详尽阐述,因为这既不可能也没有必要,也无意对当时边区农民的生活状况进行详尽描述,而只是从边区政府所制定和实施的一系列政策、公布的相关法令这一角度加以论述,即从制度层面进行叙述。就抗战时期陕甘宁边区的制度来说,主要是各种政策、法令(包括经济、政治和其他相关领域)的制定和实施。简而言之,制度创新是中国共产党制胜的法宝,中国共产党能够根据变化了的国内外形势和事态发展的状况制定相应的政策,采取适当的措施。但是,本文重点并非论述这些政策、法令或措施的正确性,而在于分析它们的制定或实施对农民生活水平的影响。论文正文共分为五个部分:第一部分:抗战前边区农民的生活状况。陕甘宁边区自然条件恶劣,是当时中国最为贫瘠的地区之一。在军阀井岳秀统治时期,由于统治阶级的横征暴敛,农民负担极为沉重,生活困苦不堪。陕北革命根据地建立以后,根据地政府进行土地革命,采取措施发展农业生产,农民生活有了很大改善,但仍存有不少问题。第二部分:边区政府休养生息政策的实施。陕甘宁边区政府采取各种措施减轻农民负担:减租减息减轻了压在边区农民身上的苛捐杂税;农业累进税的实施,使广大贫农和中农的经济负担减轻,实际收入增加;政府机关学校和军队的大生产运动,提高了自给率,取之于民的比率降低了;而精兵简政的实施,节约了政府开支又间接减轻了边区农民的经济压力。第三部分:边区政府的惠农政策。为使农民富裕起来,边区政府首先采取优惠政更多还原

【Abstract】 Shanxi-Gansu -Ningxia border area is the location of the War of Resistance against Central, and Shanxi, Gansu and Ningxia border area is the most arid country in China, not only so, the War of Resistance against the Shanxi-Gansu - Ningxia border area is often subjected to the Japanese army air strikes, also in the area around the large military exercise close to the border blockade, however, is in such a harsh environment, Chinese communists and the government not only to survive border, but were grown and border regime is more consolidated. On the causes, because the Chinese Communist Party and its government have been accounted for the vast majority of farmers support the area of population and support. To receive the wholehearted endorsement and support, Farmers must first solve the food problem, no regime is difficult to consolidate. In response, Mao Zedong also stressed that "all talk is useless and must be visible to the material benefit to farmers." In the War of Resistance against Japan, the area of the party and government to develop and implement a series of policies, laws, thereby ensuring the border their material interests and solve their eating problems. Border party and the government have been farmers support area in Japan and the Kuomintang regime before the attacks and the military blockade of survival and growth. Farmers livelihoods are involved, and it is a very complex system, and not, as most people see as the only land that simply by "fighting" can solve. This article was not intended for the party and government areas have taken all measures elaborated, which it is neither possible nor necessary and has no intention of the area farmers living conditions detailed description, but only from area government formulated and implemented a series of policies, announced by the relevant decrees discussed this point, mainly from the system level description.Shanxi-Gansu -Ningxia border area on the anti-Japanese War period, the system was mainly a variety of policies, laws (including economic, political and other related fields) to develop and implement. In short, system innovation is the magic winning CPC, the Chinese Communist Party to the changing domestic and international situation and the status of development of things formulate corresponding policies, to take appropriate measures. But this focus is not on these policies, laws or measures correctness, but to analyse their formulation or implementation of the standard of living.The main of paper is divided into five parts :Part I : Farmers living conditions before the War of Resistance against Japan. Shaanxi-Gansu -Ningxia border area was one of the most arid areas in更多还原