【作者】 张惠敏；

【导师】 欧阳健明；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 无机化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）等表征方法，在水溶液中研究了不同种类氨基酸及溶液的pH值对尿结石主要成分草酸钙（CaOxa）晶体形成的影响。 氨基酸对CaOxa结晶的影响主要是由静电作用引起的，酸性氨基酸例如谷氨酸、天冬氨酸能够抑制CaOxa晶体成核，促进晶体生长和聚集，且酸性氨基酸能够诱导一水草酸钙（COM）的（（?）01）晶面优先生长，COM的（（?）01）晶面优先生长的原因在于COM的（（?）01）晶面为富Ca²⁺晶面，而酸性氨基酸的羧基带有负电荷；中性氨基酸例如苯丙氨酸在0.01～0.1mmol/L浓度区间内抑制成核，促进晶体聚集体的生成，在0.1～1mmol/L浓度区间内晶体数量迅速减少，晶体聚集体比例增加，晶体尺寸明显增大；碱性氨基酸例如组氨酸对CaOxa结晶的影响则呈现曲线变化，在0.01～0.1mmol/L浓度区间内为抑制成核，促进生长，在0.1～1mmol/L浓度区间内为促进成核，且诱导COM晶体的（020）晶面优先生长。 在pH实验中，讨论了溶液pH值对CaOxa晶体的数量，形貌和晶面的影响。在酸性谷氨酸溶液中，pH值越高，生成的CaOxa晶体的数量越多；当pH高于氨基酸的等电点（pI）时，去质子化羧基能诱导COM晶体的（（?）01）晶面的生长；在pH较高的添加有碱性赖氨酸的溶液中生成了薄片状六边形COM晶体。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of various kinds of amino acids and pH of solution on the crystallization of CaOxa were investigated in aqueous solution by means of X-ray power diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electronic microscope(SEM).The effects of amino acids on the crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) resulted from electrostatic attraction of amino acids with the crystals. Acidic amino acids such as glutamic acid and asparatic acid inhibited the nucleation of COM and promoted its growth and aggregation. Neutral amino acid (phenlalanine) inhibited the growth of COM in the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.1 mmol/L and inhibited its nucleation in the range from 0.1 to 1 mmol/L. Basic amino acid (hisditine) inhibited the nucleation of COM in the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.1 mmol/L and promoted the nucleation in the range from 0.1 to 1 mmol/L.The effects of pH on the number, morphology and crystal faces of CaOxa were dicussed in pH experiments. The higher pH values, the more CaOxa crystal produced; when pH of the solutions was higher than isoelectric points (pI) of amino acids, CaOxa crystal growth paralleled with ((?)01) face of COM; when pH of solution was high, slice COM crystal produced in solution in which lysine was added.更多还原