【作者】 苑文乾；

【导师】 朱能；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 供热供燃气通风及空调工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 长期以来,国家对于北方地区采暖建筑的节能问题给予很高的关注,制定了与节能相关的许多法律法规。但是,由于节能工作的重点在于城市,使得小城镇地区的节能工作相对落后。通过课题组在北方多个小城镇地区的实态调研,我们获取了大量真实可靠的数据,这些数据反映出小城镇地区的能耗现状不容乐观。本文通过围护结构、采暖方式与采暖系统等多方面,对小城镇居住建筑能耗状况作出分析与评价。指出小城镇居住建筑采暖能耗过大,并且热舒适性很差,亟待改进。本文通过对国内外小城镇节能工作成功经验的总结分析,得出适合于我国北方地区小城镇节能工作的方法和途径。主要有:采用投资少,施工难度低的围护结构改造措施,改进围护结构保温隔热性能;制定适合于小城镇地区的冬季室内计算温度;采用合理的分户采暖方式,使热源可调可控的同时提高热效率;对广大小城镇居民积极宣传节能工作的重要性和紧迫性,增强居民节能意识。本文详细阐述了围护结构中的外墙、屋面、门窗、地面的地域性特点以及选型方案。并采用量化研究的方法,对一户北方小城镇地区典型的独门独院式住宅,在节能改造前后的年供暖耗热量进行了计算对比。通过对比发现,小城镇居住建筑节能潜力巨大,但是距离国家节能规范的要求还差很远。小城镇建筑节能工作必须结合当地实际情况,切不可过于急功近利。本文还分析了太阳能采暖在小城镇地区使用的可行性。通过对调研过程中遇到的一个太阳房工程的介绍,说明了太阳能采暖的基本原理以及在小城镇地区推广使用的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has paid more attention to energy-saving in building, especially in small town and countryside. And laws and codes about builds’energy-saving were made during last ten years. But the work of energy-saving in the small towns is much behind to the capital cities.In this paper, it is obtained of much actual and credible data of the small towns by team’s investigation of this research group. The data shows that the existing condition of energy-saving in the small towns is poor and unacceptible. It also shows some analysing and estimating results through exterior-protected construction, the ways of heating and the systems of heating. This paper points out that the energy consumption of buildings’is very large in the small towns as well. All above makes it clear that the situation of energy saving in small town and countryside should be improved.This paper sums up some ways to improve the work of energy-saving in the small towns by analysing the successful experience from foreign countries and China. Firstly, it could be improve that the exterior-protected construction’s performance of thermal retardation by some economical and simple ways. Secondly, it could be made that the proper indoor temperature to calculate the energy consumption in the small towns. Thirdly, it is introduced that the proper manners of individual heating. The heat reservoirs’calorific efficiency must be improved and the heat reservoirs could be controled. The government should propagandize the importance of energy-saving to the people in the small towns.This paper presents the regional characteristic of the wall, the roofing, the door, the window and the ground. And I use the method of quantification to calculate the energy consumption of a classical house. It could be found that the latent capacity of energy-saving in the small towns is still large. But it is far from the request. The work of the energy-saving in the small towns must conside the physical circumstances and we could not eager for quick success and instant benefit.At last, this paper analyses the feasibility of solar heating in the small towns. By introducing a real project of solar house, the article explains the basic axiom of solar heating and the feasibility of its generalization.更多还原