【作者】 张萍；

【导师】 张代钧；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 用普通活性污泥经过120d富集,得到好氧氨氧化菌浓度提高300倍的好氧氨氧化菌混培物,通过呼吸仪测量好氧氨氧化菌产率系数f_S,ns为0.2262 mg X_ns COD生产/mg NH4+-NOD氧化,亚硝酸盐氧化菌产率系数f_S,nb为0.2314 mg X_nb COD生产/mg NO₂^--NOD氧化,用COD定量表示混培物中的自养菌菌量。加入24μM NaN₃抑制NO₂^--N氧化,建立氨氧化反应动力学方程;加入10mg·L^-1 ATU抑制NH₄⁺-N氧化,建立亚硝酸盐氧化反应动力学方程;不加任何抑制剂建立完全硝化反应动力学方程。在不同组成的NO₂/O₂/CO₂混合气体下进行批试验,研究NO₂对好氧氨氧化菌氨代谢能力的影响。拟合厌氧、好氧状态下好氧氨氧化菌的氨氧化速率,建立了多种条件下的氨氧化动力学方程。（1）在无分子氧时,NO₂提供化合态的氧,好氧氨氧化菌发生了基于NO₂的厌氧氨氧化,并生产NO。当NO₂浓度为25ppm时,厌氧氨氧化速率达到最大值0.063 mgNOD·mgCOD^-1·h^-1。结合Monod方程建立多组分动力学模型,得到了基于NO₂的厌氧氨氧化抑制动力学参数:NO₂半饱和常数0.6973 umol·L^-1和抑制常数1.8561 umol·L^-1;最大氨氮降解速率0.1343 mgNOD·mgCOD^-1·h^-1。（2）在微量NO₂气体中加入少量氧气后,氨氧化速率比之厌氧状态下有明显提高,最大氨氧化速率出现在50ppmNO₂/2%O₂条件下,为0.1982 mgNOD·mgCOD^-1·h^-1。相同浓度的NO₂条件下,随着O₂浓度的增加,氨氧化速率显著增大,微量NO₂/2%O₂时氨氧化速率变化的实验结果表明:NO₂/2%O₂时NO₂一部分参与好氧氨氧化代谢、一部分参与厌氧氨氧化代谢,基于NO₂的厌氧氨氧化与好氧氨氧化发生了协同耦合。（3）微量NO₂/21%O₂条件下,氨氧化速率比2%O₂条件下继续大幅度提高,最大氨氧化速率出现在100ppmNO₂/21%O₂条件下,为0.4771 mgNOD·mgCOD^-1·h^-1,这是无NO₂时连续曝气条件下氨氧化速率0.104 mgNOD·mgCOD^-1·h^-1的4.67倍。表明NO₂对好氧氨氧化具有十分明显的强化作用。基于NO₂/21%O₂条件下得到好氧氨氧化速率实测结果,建立了NO₂强化氨氧化的动力学方程,提出了好氧氨氧化的NO₂强化函数的概念。（4）由氨氧化菌代谢NO₂产生NO对微生物的强烈毒性作用,NO₂强化作用具有典型的抑制型动力学方程特征。基于实测结果,确定了强化函数的NO₂半饱和常数为3.10μmol·L^-1和抑制常数4.80μmol·L^-1。（5）提出了NO₂强化好氧氨氧化的可能机理:一方面,氨氧化菌基于O₂发生了常规型好氧氨氧化;另一方面,在添加NO₂后,由于氨氧化菌基于NO₂的氨氧化代更多还原

【Abstract】 The mixed ammonia oxidizer culture was obtained using common activated sludge enriched for 120 days and the concentration of the ammonia oxidizers increased 300 times. The biomass yield coefficient fS were measured by batch respirometry, the value of f_S,ns and f_S,nb is 0.2262 and 0.2314 mg X_ns COD produced/mg NH₄⁺-NOD oxidized. Biomass concentrations were measured as chemical oxygen demand （COD） using commercially available reagents. NO₂^--N oxidation was completely inhibited by addition of 24μM NaN₃, in order to describe the kinetics of NH₄⁺-N to NO₂^--N oxidation correctly; NO₂^--N oxidation was completely inhibited by addition of 10mg·L^-1ATU, for describing the kinetics of NO₂^--N to NO₃^--N oxidation correctly; the kinetics of NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N oxidation was described without any inhibitor.The ammonia oxidation test was made under the mixed atmosphere of NO₂/O₂/CO₂, The ammonia oxidation rate under anaerobic and aerobic condition were simulated respectively, in order to build kinetics equation of ammonia oxidation under multicondition, and the results were showed as follows.（1） Ammonia oxidizer could use NO₂ as electron acceptor to oxidize ammonia and produce NO when there was no molecule oxygen. The maximum anaerobic ammonia oxidation rate, 0.063 mgNOD·mgCOD^-1·h^-1 occurred when the concentration of NO₂ was 25ppm. The multielement kinetics model was built integrated the Monod function, There was the inhibition kinetics parameter of anaerobic ammonia oxidation based on NO₂: the half saturate coefficient of NO₂ concentration were 0.6973 umol·L^-1, inhibition coefficient of NO₂ concentration were 1.8561 umol·L^-1, the maximum ammonia oxidation rate were 0.1343 mgNOD·mgCOD^-1·h^-1.（2） After adding 2%O₂ to NO₂, the ammonia oxidation rate increased obviously than in the anaerobic condition. The maximum ammonia oxidation rate, 0.1982 mgNOD·mgCOD^-1·h^-1 occurred when the concentration of NO₂ in the mixed gas was 50ppm. The ammonia oxidation rate is increased obviously with the increasing of O₂ when the concentration of NO₂ is changeless. The change of the ammonia oxidation rate under the condition of NO₂/2%O₂ showed the results: under the condition of NO₂/2%O₂, Part of NO₂ participated in anaerobic ammonia oxidation and part of the other participated in aerobic ammonia oxidation, then anaerobic ammonia oxidation and aerobic ammonia oxidation based on NO₂ happened cooperant coupling.更多还原