【作者】 祝捷；

【导师】 姒刚彦；

【作者基本信息】 武汉体育学院 ， 应用心理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究运用质性研究方法,具体包括文献资料法、理论研究法、访谈法,探讨运动心理学家在针对参加重大国际赛事的国家队进行的心理服务情况,以国家体育总局科教司为备战2004年雅典奥运会聘请的心理专家组成员为访谈对象,研究内容涉及心理干预的内容、心理干预的过程、基本的工作模式与状态、应该具备的职业素质和伦理修养以及他们各自在开展工作的过程当中所得到的社会支持。研究发现:(1)运动心理学家心理服务工作中主要遇到的心理问题有:认知与技能学习、应激管理、运动技战术训练、动机问题、注意力、人际关系、团队凝聚力、大赛中的心理应对、饮食异常、睡眠异常、运动损伤、自我意识等。运动心理学家运用心理技能类、训练方法类、辅助手段、心理治疗、心理强化、组织干预技巧(淡化处理)、用户定向原则等方法对这些心理问题进行干预。(2)运动心理学家服务的过程主要分为任务定向和需求定向两类,一般在观察运动员训练之后以个体咨询或集体咨询、个人访谈、进行心理训练作为心理服务的主要过程。(3)心理服务人员得到的社会支持,主要包括:上级主管部门和运动队管理层包括教练员、领队和运动员的社会支持,在服务过程中9人获得来自上级主管部门与运动队管理层的社会支持工作开展比较顺利,有4人没有获得来自运动队管理层的社会支持,工作无法达到预期目标。(4)运动心理学家主要的工作模式有:咨询模式、临床模式、多学科体育科学模式和综合管理咨询模式。(5)重要的职业素质应包括:心理学理论知识的基础、对运动项目的了解、需具有创新精神、亲和力、信任感、灵活性、创造性、真诚、具有服务意识、热情和敏锐的洞察力等人格特征。(6)根据实际工作经验,运动心理学家对未来人才的培养上要注重心理的专业知识、运动实践经验、临床实践、个人交往和沟通能力及体育相关领域的知识等培养。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis explored the model of sport psychology services, including intervention methods, service models, professional implications and thoughts of sport psychologists at the Athens Olympic Game in the year 2004 using qualitative approach. 11 sport psychologists had been participated in the research. The following conclusion had been made:(1) With the psychological problems that the psychologists coping were: team building, stress management, communication/personal relationship, goal setting, cognitive restructuring, motor learning, low self-confidence, motivation, concentration and others. The major intervention methods involved in psychological skills training, counseling, systematic psychotherapy, communication techniques and role playing.(2)The process of the intervention could be divided into two types: need-oriented and task-oriented. On basis of understanding of the fundamental information, the psychologists implement individual and team consultation, mental training, psychological skill training, etc. The psychologists also need to change their goals with the challenges as the Games progressed.(3) The social supports the psychologists gained were mainly from the team managers, coaches and athletes. During the service process, 9 consultants acquired the social supports from the team managers, coaches and athletes.(4) The major service models of the psychologists were: Counseling Model, Psychological Skills Training Model (PST), Clinical Model, Interdisciplinary Sport Science Model and Supervisory Consulting Model With an Integrative Approach.(5) The psychologists considered that the most important professional更多还原