【作者】 汪芳；

【导师】 魏文晖；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 结构工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近些年来，随着工程爆破技术的成熟和发展以及其带来的显著经济效益，城市高层建筑的岩石地基开挖、大型水电站的建设施工、其它地下结构的建设以及各种拆除工程中爆破技术得到了广泛的应用。爆破法带来高经济效益，工程爆破事业在蓬勃发展的同时，也存在诸多问题。爆破公害对环境的影响日显突出，如爆破地震波在地质材料中的传播及对地下结构的作用，往往引起结构不同程度的损伤，甚至出现结构破坏的严重后果，引发各种民事纠纷，阻碍了爆破事业的发展。因此，对于爆破地震效应的研究以及爆破安全控制方面的课题受到广泛的关注。本文对爆破作用下框架结构的动力反应进行了研究，并对框架结构在爆破作用下的安全性作了评估。 本文查阅了大量国内外关于爆破对房屋作用的研究文献，详细地分析了目前国内外的研究现状和存在的不足，并针对论文所要解决的问题学习了相关的理论知识。包括对岩石的爆破机理，岩石爆破过程中应力波的产生和岩石爆破动力荷载的模拟分析；对所建的岩石爆破与框架房屋一体化震动体系各组成部分的本构关系模型、力学模型进行了分析研究；研究了结构对爆破震动响应的动力分析方法，以及利用有限元法进行动力分析的步骤及原理。 本文重点运用非线性有限元方法，建立了岩石爆破-地基-框架房屋动力反应一体化三维有限元实体模型，模拟爆破工况，在爆破孔上直接输入爆破动荷载，对其进行了非线性有限元动力分析(模态分析和瞬态动力分析)，得到体系的固有频率、振型、加载时间历程各阶段的整体变形情况以及框架房屋的动力反应特性；另外，选取常规(构造)地震波，输入地基—基础—框架房屋协同工作有限元模型。并将两种情况下的房屋分别进行动力分析，获得结构的内力、变形等信息，加以比较，对爆破作用下的房屋的安全性进行评价。综上所述，得出以下结论：(1)所建的一体化模型能真实的模拟爆破工况，研究成果为工程实际中设计更合理的爆破方案提供了辅助参考。(2)爆破地震波作用下结构的动力反应与常规地震波(构造地震波)作用下结构的动力反应有较大差异，只有对其进行时程分析，才能对其安全度进行全面评估。(3)爆破地震波虽然加速度峰值比所选的常规地震波大，但是结构的动力反应却远远没有常规地震波大，因为爆破地震波的持续时间较短，所以对结构的影响较小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Developing with the project blasting technology which brings the remarkable economic efficiency, it has become one of the most competition methods in the construction blasting industry. Though blasting procedure brings the high economic efficiency and the project blasting enterprise while develops vigorously, it has many problems. The influence of the environmental damage caused by blasting procedure reveals prominently day by day. For example, dissemination in the geological material and function to the underground structure by blasting earthquake wave often cause the structure damage in varying degree, even appears serious consequence of the structure disarrangement . The damage initiates many civil dispute, which has hindered the development of blasting enterprise. Therefore, the topic regarding the blasting earthquake effect research as well as the demolition safety control aspect receives the widespread attention . This article has conducted the research to dynamic response of frame construction, and has made the appraisal about its security under the blasting effect.This paper has consulted massive domestic and foreign literature about the blasting function to the house, and has analyzed the present domestic and foreign research present situation in detail and the insufficiency, and aimed at the question which the paper had to solve to study the related theory knowledge. The theory includes rock demolition mechanism, the rule of stress wave production and weaken in rock demolition process. It has analyzed relational model, mechanics model of each constituent in the frame integration vibration system, as well as the step and the principle of the construction dynamic response using finite element method.This paper mainly utilizes non-linear finite element method to establish the finite element three dimensional integrated model of rock blasting and frame house dynamic response .It simulates blasting operating mode, Blasting dynamic load is input in the blasting hole directly, and the model has been carried on the non-linear finite element dynamic analysis. Then we obtain the natural frequency of the system, inspiring, whole distortion situation in various stages of the increase time course as well as the frame house dynamic response character. This paper selects the routine earthquake wave and inputs frame house. It carries on the dynamic analysis of several kinds of situations in houses, and obtains information of structure force, structure distortion. Analysis and comparison are performed to make the appraisal of更多还原