【作者】 蔡栋宇；

【导师】 陈贤益；

【作者基本信息】 南京工业大学 ， 材料学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文用丙酮法合成了固含量为46-68％的水性聚氨酯研磨料和固含量为35％的水性油墨用聚氨酯成膜乳液。主要考察了复合型软段和复合型硬段对聚氨酯成膜乳液及其胶膜性能的影响，同时考察了固含量和NCO／OH(mol／mol)比值对水性聚氨酯研磨料性能的影响以及颜料在水性聚氨酯中的分散情况。结果表明：随着不同聚多元醇复配比例和不同异氰酸酯复配比例的变化，乳液的稳定性和粘度、聚氨酯胶膜的性能均呈规律性变化；水性聚氨酯研磨料的粘度随着固含量和NCO／OH(mol／mol)(0.6-0.9范围内)的增加而增加，不利于色浆的研磨；随着研磨时间的延长，色浆的细度逐渐减小，最终趋向于一个定值；色浆中颜料的细度越小且研磨料的碱性越强，颜料的分散稳定性越好。所配制的水性聚氨酯油墨对双向拉伸聚酯薄膜(BOPET)的附着牢度优异。 本文还采用了乳液共聚法制备了聚氨酯—聚丙烯酸酯(PUA)复合乳液并用红外光谱分析其结构，然后以酞菁蓝为颜料配制了水性塑料凹版油墨。讨论了羧基含量(wt％)、NCO／OH(mol／mol)、中和度、异氰酸酯种类，封端剂丙烯酸-β-羟乙基酯(HEA)含量(wt％)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)／聚氨酯乳液(PU)(wt／wt)，丙烯酸丁酯(BA)／甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)(wt／wt)对PUA乳液性能和水性油墨性能的影响。结果表明：随着羧基含量，中和度的增加，乳液稳定性变好但其耐水耐溶剂性下降。在较高的羧基含量下，NCO／OH的增大对乳液的机械稳定性影响不大，但其冻融稳定性有所下降，所配油墨的稳定性变差。随着中和度的增大，乳液的粘度变化不大，油墨粘度上升。4，4’-亚甲基-二苯基二异氰酸酯(MDI)制备的水性PU较甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)制备的水性PU，胶膜断裂伸长率低；但拉伸强度、邵氏硬度均高于TDI制备的水性PU。随着MMA含量的增加，机械稳定性和冻融稳定性变差；胶膜的拉伸强度、硬度增加，断裂伸长率减小；耐水性耐溶剂性也得到了提高。随着BA／MMA的增加，胶膜的硬度、拉伸强度减小，断裂伸长率逐渐增大；复合单体对乳液的粒径影响不大。水性油墨的初干性随MMA／PU的增加而变好，但随着BA／MMA的增加而变差。用自制的PUA乳液配制的水性油墨对BOPET薄膜和双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜(BOPP)都有着良好的附着牢度，墨膜的耐水、耐酸碱性较好。水性油墨的粘度对pH值的依赖性很大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water-based polyurethane grinding resin and polyurethane emulsion with solid content of 46-48% and 35% respectively was synthesized by use of acetone method. The effect of different kinds of soft and hard segments on properties of polyurethane emulsion and its dried film were discussed, meanwhile the effect of solid content and mole ratio of -NCO to -OH on water-based polyurethane grinding resin and the dispersion of pigment in this kind of grinding resin was also investigated. The results showed that either the stability and viscosity of polyurethane emulsion or the mechanical properties and water absorption rate of dried film exhibited reasonable changes with mole ratio of soft segments or hard segments of polyurethane. The viscosity of grinding resin which played negative role in the grinding process increased with solid content or mole ratio of -NCO to -OH in our study range. When the grinding time extended, the size of pigment particles decreased and then leveled off. The smaller the particle size was and the more alkalized the aqueous polyurethane-based ink was, the better the dispersion of pigment was. The printing ink showed excellent adhesion to PET substrate.Another kind of aqueous intaglio printing ink was prepared by mixing polyurethane-acrylate (PUA) hybrid emulsions which were synthesized by emulsion copolymerization and confirmed by IR with polyacrylate-phthalocyanine blue pigment dispersion. The effect of acid content (wt%), NCO/OH(mol/mol), neutralization degree, different kind of diisocyanate, the amount of β-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and methylacrylate(MMA) on the properties of PUA and its ink was studied. The effect of different vinyl monomers MMA and butylacrylate (BA) on properties of emulsion and ink was also investigated. The results showed that with increasing acid content and neutralization degree, the stability of the hybrid emulsion increased but water and acetone resistant properties of film deteriorated; under the condition of high acid content, the effect of NCO/OH on the mechanical stability of emulsion was not severe, however, the freeze-thaw stability of emulsion and the更多还原