【作者】 孙健；

【导师】 杨建华；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 注蒸汽稠油热采是指稠油开采时向稠油层注入适当干度的高压蒸汽进行原油采集。注汽锅炉是油田注蒸汽热采的关键设备，是油田热采工艺过程中能耗最大的设备之一。 蒸汽干度做为油田注汽锅炉安全运行中的一个重要参数，也是影响稠油热采效果的一个重要指标。而现阶段蒸汽干度控制基本上处于常规控制阶段，因此油田注汽锅炉蒸汽干度控制受人为因素影响较大，不仅油田注汽锅炉的安全运行受到威胁而且影响稠油热采的效果。为此，对油田注汽锅炉的蒸汽干度进行自动控制的研究势在必行。 油田注汽锅炉自上世纪80年代引进以来，已逐步实现了国产化，但其控制系统的自动化程度仍停留在原来的技术水平上，并且其控制效率低下。随着先进控制理论和计算机技术的不断发展，将模糊控制、预测控制等先进控制技术应用于注汽锅炉蒸汽干度控制，提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度控制系统的控制效率已成为一种趋势。 本论文在系统阐述注汽锅炉工艺流程的基础上，对注汽锅炉控制系统的控制要求进行分析，提出注汽锅炉蒸汽干度控制系统目前存在的控制难点。由于蒸汽干度和蒸汽压力是注汽锅炉运行的重要参数和性能指标，也是制约注汽锅炉安全、节能运行的控制瓶颈，因此，本文在对基于T-S模糊模型的模糊预测控制进行重点研究的基础上，根据系统自身特点，提出了基于模糊逻辑的注汽锅炉运行参数控制方案，该方案采用以蒸汽压力误差及其变化率为输入变量的二维模糊控制器调节水流量，以稳定蒸汽压力：在燃料量-蒸汽干度调节回路中采用基于T-S模糊模型的模糊预测控制得出控制量，并将其与水流量前馈控制量相乘，构成蒸汽干度的前馈-反馈复合控制。 本文设计的注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的基于T-S模型的模糊预测控制系统，将T-S模糊模型引进到广义预测控制中。仿真实验结果表明，该算法有较好的跟踪特性，控制效果良好。对这一控制方法的进一步研究，无论从理论上还是实际应用中都具有一定的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Steam thermal drive oil is the method in which high pressure steam with suitable dryness fraction is injected into heavy oil stratum. Steam-injection boiler is the key equipment of thermal drive, and it is also the equipment whose energy consumption is the largest in the thermal drive process.As an important parameter for safe operation of steam-injection boiler, dryness is also an important target which affects the effect of heavy oil thermal drive. But at present dryness control basically is at the hand control stage, therefore the forecast and control of dryness for steam-injection boiler are affected by human factor observably, not only the safe operation of steam-injection boiler is threatened, but also the effect of heavy oil thermal drive is effected. Therefore, it is imperative to carry on the research of control method of dryness for oilfield steam-injection boiler.Since steam-injection boiler was introduced from America at 1980s, the manufacture of it has realized industrialization interiorly. But the control system of steam-injection boiler still stays at the quondam technologic level. Its control efficiency is not high, too. Along with the constant development of advanced control theory and computer technology, that applying the advanced control technologies such as fuzzy control, predictive control to the dryness control of steam-injection boiler and enhancing the control efficiency of control system has became an inevitable trend.Based on the systematic expatiation on technologic process of steam-injection boiler, this paper analyzes the control effects that the control system of steam-injection boiler must achieve and puts forth the difficulties that control system may encounter. Dryness fraction and steam pressure are the important parameters of steam-injection boiler. They are the bottlenecks that hamper the safe and economical operation of steam-injection boiler, too. So according to the characteristics of boiler system, this paper proposed the control scheme based on fuzzy predictive control to adjust the run parameters of boiler. In this scheme, a two dimension fuzzy controller is employed to steady steam pressure, and error and error change of steam pressure are used as the input variables of this fuzzy controller. A fuzzy predictive controller based on T-S fuzzy model is employed to obtain the control variable of fuel-dryness closed loop. And this control variable is multiplied by the feedforward control variable to form the feedforward-feedback control of dryness fraction.更多还原