【作者】 唐春艳；

【导师】 齐德生；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验研究膨化双低菜籽取代膨化大豆作为能量饲料原料在长×大哺乳母猪饲料中的应用。通过研究膨化双低菜籽对哺乳母猪和仔猪的生产性能、对母猪奶样成分、对母猪血样成分和对饲料消化率的影响来探索膨化双低菜籽在哺乳母猪饲料中应用的适宜添加量。根据NRC（1998）标准配制4种具有相同蛋白和能量水平但添加不同水平膨化双低菜籽的日粮。28头临产长×大哺乳母猪随机分成4组，对照组饲喂不添加膨化双低菜籽的基础日粮，试验1组、试验2组和试验3组分别饲喂添加10％、15％和20％的膨化双低菜籽的试验日粮。试验期为28天。试验期间，记录每头哺乳母猪的日采食量；在分娩当天、第28天分别记录母猪背膘厚和体重；在分娩当天、第21天和第28天记录仔猪窝重和死亡仔猪头数；在第21天，收集奶样测定乳汁中乳蛋白、乳脂肪、钙、磷、铁和锌的含量，采血测定血中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、甲状腺素（T₄）、促甲状腺素（TSH）和三碘甲腺原氨酸（T₃）的浓度；在试验期最后3天收集粪样测定哺乳母猪对4种不同比例膨化双低菜籽日粮的消化率。主要研究结果如下： 1．哺乳母猪饲料中膨化双低菜籽含量为10％时，哺乳母猪在28天泌乳期的平均日采食量最大，背膘厚损失和体重损失最小。添加10％膨化双低菜籽组平均日采食量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；与对照组相比，添加15％的试验组平均日采食量降低，但差异不显著（P＞0.05）；添加量为20％，平均日采食量显著降低（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比，添加量为20％的膨化双低菜籽组母猪失重显著降低（P＜0.05），其他各试验组没有显著差异（P＞0.05）。各组间母猪背膘损失没有差异显著性（P＞0.05）。 2．膨化双低菜籽含量为10％时，泌乳期内仔猪窝重和平均窝日增重最大，但与对照组无显著差异（P＞0.05）；与对照组相比，添加量为15％的膨化双低菜籽组，仔猪窝重和平均窝日增重降低，但无显著差异（P＞0.05）；添加量为20％的试验组仔猪28日龄窝重、0-28日龄平均窝日增重显著下降（P＜0.05）。仔猪存活率各组间没有差异显著性（P＞0.05）。 3．随着膨化双低菜籽的添加量的增加，哺乳母猪对总能、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙和磷的消化率逐步降低。添加10％的膨化双低菜籽组各营养成分的消化率比对照组有所提高，除粗纤维和总磷消化率与对照组有显著性差异外（P＜0.05），其他都与对照组没有显著差异（P＞0.05）。添加15％的膨化双低菜籽组的各营养成分消化率降低，除总能、粗蛋白、粗灰分和钙消化率与对照组有差异显著性外（P＜0.05），其他成分消化率均为差异不显著（P＞0.05）。对照组营养物质的消化率显著高于含量为20％膨化双低菜籽的试验组（P＜0.05）。更多还原

【Abstract】 Expanded double-low rapeseed replacing expanded soybean as energy feed was evaluated in the diets of Landrace × Large White lactation sows. Effect of expanded double-low rapeseed on performance, milk composition, serum composition, diets digestibility of lactation sows and litter performance were studied. It was explored the optimum proporation of expanded double-low rapeseed to add directly to lactation diets. Four diets with the same level of protein and energy were formulated to meet the NRC （1998） nutrient requirements through directly increasing of expanded double-low rapeseed levels （0%, 10%, 15%, 20%） . The twenty-eight Landrace × Large White multiparous lactation sows were assigned randomly into four groups in this experiment. The lactation sows in the control group were fed the control diet which contained no supplemental expanded double-low rapeseed. The lactation sows in group 1, group 2 and group 3 were fed diets which contained 10%, 15%, 20% expanded double-low rapeseed respectively. Experimental period lasted 28 days. During the period, feed intake of lactation sows per day were recorded. On parturition day and the 28^th day, backfat thickness, body weight of lactation sows were recorded respectively. On parturition day, the 21^th day and the 28^th day, the litter weight, number of died piglets were recorded respectively. On the 21^th day, the milk was collected to determine protein, fat, solids, calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc of milk; the serum was collected to determine the ALT, AST, T₄, TSH and T₃ of serum. During the last three days, it was conducted to examine the apparent digestibility coefficient of four diets by lactation sows. The main results were summarized as follows:1. When the percentage of expanded double-low rapeseed in diets of lactation sows summed to 10%, ADFI of lactation sows during the 28-day lactation period was biggest, and significant difference to control group （P<0.05） , the body weight losses and backfat thickness losses were lowest in all groups; the ADFI of 15% expanded double-low rapeseed group was decreased but no significant difference to control group （P>0.05） ; the ADFI of 20% expanded double-low rapeseed group decreased significantly to control group （P<0.05） . The body weight losses of 20% expanded double-low rapeseed group decreased significantly to control group （P<0.05 ） , but no significant difference among other three groups （P>0.05） .The loss of backfat thickness was no significant difference among all groups （P>0.05） .2. When the percentage of expanded double-low rapeseed in diets of lactation sows summed to 10%, litter weight of piglets on 21^th, 28^th and the litter weight gain during更多还原