【作者】 金辉；

【导师】 谢从华；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 采用茎尖分生组织培养脱毒，繁殖、使用脱毒种薯是目前世界上解决种薯退化、提高单产的有效和主要途径。我国从20世纪70年代引进该项技术，以国外建成的脱毒种薯繁育体系为基础，逐步建立了适合我国不同地区的脱毒种薯繁育体系。但这些繁育体系一般田间繁殖代数至少五代以上，在我国种薯病毒检测体系不完善的条件下，所繁殖的种薯质量很难得到保证。随着高效低成本繁育技术的不断发展，逐渐缩短马铃薯种薯繁育年限，是种薯繁育体系发展的趋势。二年制体系对于缩短种薯繁殖周期、降低种薯繁殖成本、促进市场急需的马铃薯新品种推广应用、提高种薯质量具有十分重要的意义。 本研究紧紧围绕盘县马铃薯生产和四年制种薯繁育体系的现状，在现有成熟的快繁技术基础上，深入开展试管苗组培快繁、网室微型薯繁育以及微型薯大田繁育生产种的高效低成本繁育技术方面的研究。并结合盘县马铃薯产业发展的情况，综合分析评价二年制种薯繁育体系在盘县马铃薯产业中的重要作用。研究获得了盘县二年制种薯繁育体系主要技术参数，其研究结果如下。 1．高效低成本脱毒试管苗组培快繁。用普通自来水代替蒸馏水，用食用白糖代替分析纯蔗糖，用自然光照代替人工光照，用液体浅层培养代替琼脂固体培养。并将每次扩繁的母苗基部留1节，添加培养基后继续成苗(本文称其再生苗)，通过综合措施的改进，大幅度降低了试管苗的组培成本。 2．低成本微型薯生产。在贵州六盘水高湿度条件下，微型薯的繁育中，试管苗扦插的最佳密度为350株／m~2左右，并实行宽窄行扦插，宽行行距为10cm，窄行行距为4cm，株距为4cm。剪顶端的扦插密度应控制在300株／m~2左右，同样实行宽窄行扦插，宽行行距为10cm，窄行行距为4.8cm，株距为4cm。肥料的施用采用宽行内沟施，节省浇施营养液的人工费用。在第一茬微型薯收获后，将植株继续深埋定植，可继续结薯，使每定植一次的苗可以收获两次微型薯，从而使微型薯生产成本由0.14元／粒降到0.06元／粒。 3．生产种繁育。在生产种的繁育中，为了提高种薯的整齐度，进而提高单位面积的种薯生产效率，生产种繁育中微型薯的播种密度以7000株／亩为宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 The major and efficient way to promote potato yield and control the degradation of potato seed tubers in the world is to use the virus-free seed tubers propagated via shoot meristem culture. Based on the virus-free seed tuber propagation system, this technology was spread in China in 1970’s and gradually use to establish the propagation system that suited various montanic zones in China. However, these propagation systems conventionally exceeded five progenies in field and the quality of propagated tubers was not ensured due to incomplete virus detecting system in China. Along with the development of high-efficiency and low-cost propagation technologies, reducing the years of potato seed tuber propagation is the developmental tendency of seed tuber system. Two-year system plays important roles in reduction of seed tuber propagation period and lowering its production cost, facilitating application of new potato cultivars with market demands and enhancement of seed tuber quality.Based on the status of potato production and four-year potato tuber seed propagation system in Pan county, and stable and rapid propagation technology, the present research was carried out to study the high-efficiency and low-cost propagation technologies related to rapid propagation of potato plantlets, minituber propagation in web-house and production of minitubers in field with aims to reducing the production period of virus-free seed tuber. Also, combined with developmental status of potato industries in Pan county, the present study analyze the important roles of two-year seed tuber propagation system in potato industries of Pan county. The results were as followings:1. Rapid propagation of virus-free plant in vitro with high-efficiency and low-cost. The cost of tissue cultured plants were remarkably lowed through improvement of synthetical approaches: the distilled water used in tissue culture was replaced by common tap water, sucrose (analytic purity) by white sugar sell in market, artificial light by natural one and agar solidified medium by liquid superficial one. In this procedure, one nodule was retained at the base of mother potato plant in every propagation cycle.2. Low-cost in minituber production. In minituber propagation system, the density of truncated plantlets was controlled at 350/m~2 with broad row (10cm) and narrow row (4cm) and the distance between two plants 4cm in high humidity in Liu Pan Shui Gui Zhou provience. The density of shoot tips of plantlets was controlled at 350/m~2 with the same parameters mentioned above except for narrow row 4.8cm. Fertilization was carried out at grooves in broad rows to save the artificial cost of nutrient liquid irrigation. The cost of minituber production was reduced from 0.14 yuan to 0.06 yuan through deep plantation of plantlets, continuous yield of tubers and two harvests of minitubers from one time planted更多还原