【作者】 吴华；

【导师】 徐建军；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 材料学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 工业污水中含有许多重金属离子，如：铜、铬、银、铅、汞、砷，对环境和人类都造成了很大的危害，同时也是对资源的浪费。螯合纤维作为高技术纤维集吸附材料与纤维的特性于一身：螯合纤维比表面积大，与吸附质接触充分，直径小，对流体阻力小，扩散通道短，吸附速率快、效率高，并具有选择性。另一方面，纤维具有一定的力学强度，可以耐酸碱，并能以多种形式运用。因此螯合纤维可以用于污水的处理、金属离子及贵金属的分离与富集、痕量元素的回收、分析等方面。 聚乙烯胺类聚合物，由于含有胺基，与重金属离子可以形成类似小分子螯合物的结构，且聚乙烯胺亲水性好，对水溶液中的金属离子吸附强度高，吸附容量大。本课题首先将聚乙烯胺的前驱单体N-乙烯基甲酰胺与丙烯腈共聚物，再经纺丝、水解，得到了聚(乙烯胺—丙烯腈)螯合纤维。该螯合纤维一方面利用了聚乙烯胺的亲水、螯合性能，另一方面，则利用了疏水性的聚丙烯腈纤维骨架结构。 本论文从N-乙烯基甲酰胺与丙烯腈共聚着手，研究了共聚机理，最佳聚合条件；共聚物的纺丝成型机理、纺丝工艺条件与纤维的结构和形态的关系；探索了纺丝条件，后处理过程与纤维力学性能的关系，使前驱纤维具有较好的力学性能。将制备的前驱纤维水解，控制最佳的水解条件及水解程度，得到聚(乙烯胺—丙烯腈)螯合纤维。最后将螯合纤维吸附铜、银离子，考察吸附性能，并将金属离子脱附。得到了可以吸附并脱附金属离子的螯合纤维。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chelating fiber is used as an adsorbent for heavy metal ions such as Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Cr³⁺, Ag⁺ and Au³⁺, because it contains N, O, S, P atoms which can chelate with many metal ions. Chelating fiber has more merits than chelating resin, such as smaller diameter, bigger surface area, and higher adsorption speed. Therefore, chelating fiber has the potential applications in the treatment of industrial wastewater, the condensation and the separation of metal ions and the trace of ions in solution.N-vinylformamide （NVF） is a functional vinyl monomer which easily forms water soluble or hydrophilic polymers with high molecular weight by radical polymerization. Hydrolyzing this polymer can convert the formamide group to the highly reactive amino group. Amino group can be used a cheland for metal ions. To copolymerize NVF and acrylonitrile （AN） is a good idea that combines the amino of the NVF’s hydrolyzate with AN’s excellent fiber forming ability. Chelating fiber can be achieved through hydrolyzing the fiber of the copolmer of NVF and AN.N-vinylformamide （NVF） and acrylonitrile （AN） copolymers were prepared via free radical solution copolymerization in the presence of azodiisobutyronitrile （AIBN） as an initiator. The effect of initiator concentration, monomer concentration and polymerization conditions on the monomer’s conversion and intrinsic viscosity were investigated. The combination of kinetics and intrinsic viscosity study revealed the copolymerization adopting an alternating copolymerization mechanism. The results show that there is not obvious induction period in the copolymerization and reaction goes along evenly till the conversion up to 30%. Obvious autoacceleration phenomenon was not observed in the copolymerization.更多还原