【作者】 刘立木；

【导师】 杨遂全；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 民商法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 成年人监护是对由于精神、身体和智力状况等原因在法律上需要特别保护的成年人给予帮助的法律制度。成年人监护制度始于罗马法，至今已有一千多年的历史。成年人监护制度虽然是一项古老的制度，但它和罗马法许多其它的规定一样，在现代社会仍然发挥着重要的规范作用。 近年来，随着全球人口老龄化趋势的加剧、社会生活复杂度的增加、社会文明的不断发展，成年人监护制度的原有规定已经不能适应现代社会的需要。因此，世界主要发达国家先后对其成年人监护制度进行了改革和完善。这些改革出现了一系列共同趋势：法律更全面地介入监护关系，更多地尊重被监护人的意志，更细致地区分被监护人的需求，为生活中的弱者提供更人性化的保护和支持，确保他们与其他人平等地实现法律赋予的权利等等。欧美等国和日本已相继废止了禁治产宣告制度，并配合各国的实情，吸收“保护知能障碍者本人”、“尊重本人的自己决定权”、及“维持本人生活正常化(normalization)”等新理念，修改并制定了新的成年人监护制度。这些都体现了二十一世纪先进的立法趋势，即更加注重对人权的尊重与保护。 新中国关于成年人监护制度的规定始于1986年，我国现行法律就成年人监护制度的规定主要体现在《民法通则》第16—19条和《最高人民法院关于贯彻执行<民法通则>若干问题意见(试行)》的相关条文中。这些规定构成了监护制度的基本内容，包括对监护人的范围和顺序的确定、监护人的职责等。这些规定近二十年来没有太多变化。不可否认，这些规定在制定之初起到了很好的规范与指导作用。但是随着时代的进步、社会生活情况的变化，我国关于成年人监护制度的现行规定已经远远不能满足人们的要求。其突出表现是立法思路和立法技术落后、具体内容不完整、有缺陷。对有精神障碍、年老、身体障更多还原

【Abstract】 The adult wardship is a legal system that is used to help the person who needs special wardship due to mentality, body and intellect. The system came with the Roman law and has lasted for more than 1000 years. As an old system, like other rules that the Roman law prescripts, the system still plays an important role as a criterion in the modern society.In recent years, the adult wardship system has not been able to satisfy the needs of modern society with the trend of global aging, more complexity of modern life and development of social civilization. Therefore, the system has been reformed in major developed countries. There is a common trend about the reform of the adult wardship system in these countries, the law intervents the wardship relationship roundly, more respects the mind of the ward, distinguishes the requirement of the ward more particularly, offer more humanization protect and support to the weaker to ensure they can exert the right offered by the law. The Occident and Japan have abolished the interdiction declaration system and absorbed some new ideas such as protecting the aptitude impediment, respecting the right of making decisions by oneself and maintaining life normalization. These countries also changed and constituted new adult wardship system. All that have been mentioned above indicate the new legislation trend, more respects and protects the human rights.The adult wardship system was constituted in 1986, which can be found in item 16-19 in the general principles of civil law and correlative files in the attitude towards the implementation of the general principles of civil law by the Supreme People’s Court. These rules constitute the basic contents of the adult wardship system, which更多还原