【作者】 岳缠；

【导师】 王国敏；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 马克思在《资本论》中指出：“在原始积累历史中，……大量的人突然被强制地同自己的生存资料分离，被当作不受法律保护的无产者抛向劳动市场。对农业生产者即农民的土地的剥夺，形成全部过程的基础。”应该说，马克思的话具有一般意义。随着我国工业化、城镇化发展的不断深入，以征占农村土地为特征的“圈地运动”也引发了大规模的剥夺农民土地的现象，“失地农民”这一社会群体运时而生。据不完全统计，我国目前的失地农民数量在4000万人以上，并且仍以每年200多万人的速度膨胀。众所周知，现代化发展的一个主要标志就是人口的城镇化，即是说农民失地是工业化、城镇化的必然，是转变和升级生产生活方式的必然。既然如此，为何在我国农民失地却成了“问题”了呢?原因似乎很简单：农民在被迫失地丢掉原有生存方式的同时却未能获得新的生存方式。《中华人民共和国宪法》第十条明确规定：“农村和城市郊区的土地，除由法律规定属于国家所有的以外，属于集体所有”。既然是集体所有，按理说农民完全可以凭借土地的流转收益及征占补偿来提高自身的生活水平，或者象马克思所说的“自由”地出卖劳动力而成为产业工人，怎么会在失地之后出现生存危机呢? 问题的缘起首先在于建国以来国家对农业、农村、农民发展的价值偏见和战略歧视，即便在发展市场经济的今天，这种理念的不平等仍未得到多少改变，并且总是被理解为一种理所当然，而以此为始基建立的农村土地制度、村民自治制度等依然存在较多缺陷也就不足为奇了。虽然法律规定了农地的集体所有制度，但紧接着又规定了国家有权改变这种制度，前提是为了“公共利益的需要”。这本无可厚非，因为法律既然明确了农地的所有权，其所有者也就拥有土更多还原

【Abstract】 Karl Mark ever pointed out in On Capital: "The expropriation of the great mass of the people from the soil, from the means of subsistence, and from the means of labor, this fearful and painful expropriation of the mass of the people forms the prelude to the history of capital." The words of Karl Marx are general speaking. With the further development of industrialization and urbanization, the land of farmer has been expropriated on a large scale, which makes the mass of the farmers lose their land. Statistics show: there have been over 40 million fanners who have lost their lands so far. And still there are another over 2 million lost-land-farmers increasing every year. As we all know, the urbanization of population is one of the main symbols of the development of industrialization, that is industrialization and urbanization must cause farmers to lose their land, and also the mode of production and life style changed and upgraded. If so, why do farmers lose their land in our country become a problem? The reason is very simple, that is farmers can’t gain their new survival mode after they have lost their land. Article 10 of The Constitution of The People’s Republic of China says: "The land of countryside and suburb of city is possessed by collectivity except for those possessed by state." If so, farmers can improve their living standard through being compensated, or just as Marx said, farmers can become industrialist through selling their labor-power. But how does farmer live a hard life after they lost their land?The reason is government’s prejudice and discrimination to the development of agriculture, countryside and farmers. And even if in the condition of market economy, it is still thought to go without saying. So the system of countryside land and villager autonomy, etc. based on it has many defects. Although the land is possessed by collectivity by law, government has the power to change it if public benefit needs. This gives no cause for more criticism, because the ownership of the land is defined by law, the owners have the power to deal with, negotiate with government when the land expropriated, and obtain reasonable compensation through game. However, the reality is not so. The different explanations of the land owned by collectivity not only indicate that its owners does not exist, but also mean that public power will arrogate更多还原