【作者】 孙成贵；

【导师】 蔡玉辉；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】菲茨杰拉德和盖茨比的历史投影

【摘要】 菲茨杰拉德被认为是美国20年代的编年史作家,“迷惘的一代”的代言人。美国的20年代是历史上最绚丽,最会享乐的年代,也是旧的传统道德被抛弃,人们失去精神寄托,思想陷入混乱的年代。菲茨杰拉德既身在其中又超然于外,既沉迷于酒色争逐又感到深深的幻灭。菲茨杰拉德是一个自传式作家,他的作品被认为是对他自己及其所处社会的真实反映。尤其是他的代表作《了不起的盖茨比》更是对这个“爵士乐时代”的真实写照。小说中的盖茨比守着一个天真的梦想,却堕落到为了实现梦想而不择手段的地步。这种悖论也是美国历史的折射。美国社会在追寻祖先理想社会的梦想中走向堕落。最初的美国移民是那些为了拯救自己和堕落的世界而来到这个新大陆,试图在这里建立新的伊甸园的清教徒,但结果却在寻求拯救的过程中随着物质财富的增长而背弃了理想,陷入拜金主义的泥潭。在二十世纪初,美国的年轻一代怀着拯救世界的美好愿望参加了第一次世界大战,但资本主义战争的实质打破了他们纯真的幻想。虽然战后美国经济迅猛发展,物质财富急剧增长,但是年轻的美国人却在精神上感到深深的幻灭,从而放逐自己走向堕落。在人类历史发展中,从原始宗教的形成到影响西方意识形态的基督教圣典《圣经》,莫不体现了这种悖论。人类祖先在追寻拯救的过程中却陷入宗教的束缚;围绕着上帝拯救人类脱离罪恶而展开叙述的《圣经》里,人类的始祖亚当和夏娃为追求智慧吃了禁果而犯下“原罪”,耶稣对人类的拯救却带来非道德的背叛和杀戮。这个充满悖论的拯救反复出现于西方文学作品中,是“典型的即反复出现的意象”,也即“原型”。《了不起的盖茨比》中有很多更多还原

【Abstract】 Fitzgerald is considered the chronicler of the 1920s in America and the spokesman of the“Lost Generation”. This is the most gorgeous and pleasure-seeking decade in which the traditional moral was abandoned and people felt spiritually disorientated. Fitzgerald was both a leading participant in the typically pleasure-seeking and money-making life of the 1920s, and at the same time, he was a self-conscious writer with detached observation of it and felt disillusioned with it.Fitzgerald is typically an autobiographic writer. He writes out of his own experience and his works are the vivid revelation of the contemporary society. His masterpiece, The Great Gatsby, is considered the record of the“Jazz Age”. In the novel, Gatsby devotes to a pure dream; however, he becomes fallen by using evil means to achieve it. This paradox is also the projection of American history. The Americans become fallen while pursuing the ancestors’ideal society.The first American immigrants were the Puritans who came to the new continent to save themselves from the corrupt world and tried to rebuild the Garden of Eden on the earth. Along with the accumulation of wealth, they turned their back on the pure dream and fell into material opportunism. In the early 1920s, the young Americans attended the WWI with a good will to save the world. But the pure dream was shattered by the essence of the imperialist war. Though America enjoyed the economic boom and wealth abundance after the war, the young people, in particular, felt disoriented in spirit and became fallen in hedonism.This paradox is projected on the birth of religions and the Christian holly book---the Bible, which has greatly influenced the ideology in the west. The ancestors of man fell in the trap of religion during the process of seeking salvation. The Bible developed around God’s salvation to the sinned world. In the Bible, Adam and Eve committed the original sin by eating the forbidden fruit to pursuit knowledge; Jesus’salvation to the world, however, resulted in betrayal and killing. This paradoxical salvation, which runs through the western literature, is a kind of“archetype”, that is,“a typical or recurring image.”更多还原