【作者】 储昭霞；

【导师】 席贻龙；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 轮虫是水生态毒理学研究的模式生物之一,被广泛用于水环境监测。近年来,环境雌激素问题是全世界关注的一个热门话题。本文应用轮虫生态毒理学中的短期慢性毒性实验方法,以17β-雌二醇（E₂）为阳性对照,研究了DDT、三氯杀螨醇、硫丹和林丹等四种具雌激素活性的有机氯农药对萼花臂尾轮虫无性生殖和有性生殖的影响,主要结果如下:72-h的种群增长实验结果表明,与对照组相比,3.6和4.8 mg·L^-1的E₂显著降低轮虫种群中的混交雌体百分率。当DDT浓度达0.64 mg·L^-1时,轮虫种群增长率显著降低;达0.24 mg·L^-1时,轮虫种群中的混交雌体百分率开始显著降低,而0.24和0.32 mg·L^-1的DDT显著提高轮虫种群中混交雌体的受精率;当DDT浓度为0.64 mg·L^-1时,种群中无受精的混交雌体产生。0.32和0.64 mg·L^-1的DDT使带卵雌体数/不带卵雌体数（OF/NOF）的值显著降低,而0.0025和0.01 mg·L^-1的DDT使带卵雌体中的混交雌体数/非混交卵雌体数（MF/AF）的值显著升高。浓度达0.8 mg·L^-1的三氯杀螨醇显著降低轮虫种群增长率;达1.6 mg·L^-1时,轮虫种群在24 h内便消失;达0.05 mg·L^-1时,轮虫种群中的混交雌体百分率开始显著降低。1.2和0.8 mg·L^-1的三氯杀螨醇分别显著降低轮虫种群的OF/NOF值和MF/AF值。浓度为7.0 mg·L^-1的硫丹显著降低轮虫种群增长率,同时使OF/NOF值显著下降;当浓度达1.75 mg·L^-1时,硫丹显著抑制种群中混交雌体的产生。当林丹浓度为14.0 mg·L^-1时,轮虫种群增长率显著降低,混交雌体百分率显著下降。7.0 mg·L^-1的林丹显著升高OF/NOF值。96-h的休眠卵产量实验结果显示,与对照组相比,当E₂浓度达0.3 mg·L^-1、三氯杀螨醇浓度达0.4 mg·L^-1时,萼花臂尾轮虫休眠卵产量开始显著降低;0.32 mg·L^-1的DDT、3.5 mg·L^-1的硫丹和7.0 mg·L^-1的林丹均使轮虫休眠卵产量显著降低。除林丹外,0.08和0.3⁴.8 mg·L^-1的E₂、0.32 mg·L^-1的DDT、0.4和0.8 mg·L^-1的三氯杀螨醇和3.5 mg·L^-1的硫丹均显著减少轮虫种群中携带休眠卵的混交雌体数。单个体培养状态下,E₂对轮虫的平均后代数无显著影响,但4.8 mg·L^-1更多还原

【Abstract】 Rotifers are regarded as model animals for the study of aquatic ecotoxicology, and widely used to monitor water contamination. Endocrine disruptor is a worldwide concern. In the present study, the effects of four endocrine disruptors, including DDT, dicofol, lindane and endosulfan, on the asexual and sexual reproduction of freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus were studied with 17β-estradiol （E₂） as a positive control, and main contents and results were presented as the following:The results of 72-h population growth test showed that the percentage of mictic females in the populations of the rotifers exposed to 3.6 and 4.8 mg·L^-1 of E₂ was lower than that in the control. 0.64 mg·L^-1 DDT significantly decreased the population growth rate. When the concentration of DDT increased to 0.24 mg·L^-1, the percentage of mictic females in the populations of the rotifers began to significantly decrease. 0.24 and 0.32 mg·L^-1 DDT significantly increased the fertilization rate of mictic females in the populations of the rotifers. When the concentration of DDT was 0.64 mg·L^-1, no fertilized mictic female was produced in the populations of the rotifers. 0.32 and 0.64 mg·L^-1 DDT decreased significantly the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females （OF/NOF）, but 0.0025 and 0.01 mg·L^-1 DDT increased markedly the ratio of ovigerous mictic females/ ovigerous amictic females （MF/AF）. 0.8 mg·L^-1 dicofol decreased significantly the population growth rate, and 1.6 mg·L^-1 dicofol made the rotifer population vanish in the first day of exposure. When the concentration of dicofol increased to 0.05 mg·L^-1, the percentage of mictic females in the rotifer populations began to significantly decrease. 1.2 and 0.8 mg·L^-1 dicofol significantly decreased the ratio of OF/NOF and MF/AF, respectively. 7 mg·L^-1 endosulfan significantly decreased the population growth rate and the更多还原