【作者】 彭刚；

【导师】 金春姬；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 纯碱是广泛应用于冶金、化工、纺织、造纸、医药、食品等工业的重要的基础化工原料。目前我国主要采用氨碱法生产纯碱,年产量约为300多万吨,同时排放碱渣大约60多万吨。青岛碱厂年产纯碱50万吨,每年排放碱渣10万吨,加上自开工到现在的历年积存,多达上百万吨。大量的碱渣无处堆放,造成了胶州湾环境的极大污染.对于碱渣的治理及资源化利用,虽然国内外提出了很多技术方案,积累了丰富的经验,但是在经济和技术上存在诸多弊端。随着经济的发展和人口的增长,垃圾的产生量越来越多,成份也越来越复杂。在垃圾的各种处置方法中,垃圾的卫生填埋处理在我国得到了广泛的应用。与其它方法相比,垃圾的卫生填埋处理具有技术成熟、运行费用低、管理方便等优点,适应于我国这样一个地域广阔、资金不足的发展中国家。城市污水处理厂每天排放出大量的污泥,据统计,一座二级污水处理厂所产生的污泥量约占总处理污水量体积的0.3～0.5%,如进行深度处理,污泥量还可能进一步增加。对这些污泥必须及时处理与处置,以保证污水处理厂的正常运转和处理效果。根据我国国情,污泥填埋是一种折中的选择,它投资少、容量大、见效快,在未来一个时期内填埋仍然是我国主要的污泥处置方式。本课题系国家自然科学基金项目“碱液废渣对填埋场防渗性能与垃圾降解过程的调节机理”(项目编号20307009)的一部分,旨在研究碱渣对有机固体废物厌氧降解的影响。利用碱渣的特殊性质(如高碱性、吸附性等),将碱渣与受试有机物按不同比例混合均匀,然后装入密闭反应器中,通过控制反应条件,使其发生厌氧消化反应,主要研究以下几个方面的问题:(1)研究碱渣的添加对有机废物的水解速率方面的影响比较添加不同剂量的碱渣对反应系统的水解反应速率、TSS和VSS的去除率等方面的影响。(2)研究碱渣在调节厌氧生化反应系统的酸碱性方面的作用将碱渣按适当的比例与污泥混合后厌氧消化,观察系统pH值的变化情况。(3)研究碱渣对厌氧消化系统生化反应速率、产气效率等方面的影响比较研究不同的碱渣添加比例下系统的基质降解速率、基质去除率、产气量更多还原

【Abstract】 Pure alkali is important basic chemical material,extensively applied to the industry , such as metallurgy , chemical industry , textile , papermaking , medicine , food ,etc. Our country mainly adopts Ammonia alkali method to produce pure alkali at present, and the annual yield is about more than 3 million tons, discharging about more than 600,000 tons of alkali residue at the same time. The annual output of alkali of Qingdao Alkali factory is 500 thousand tons, discharging 100,000 tons of alkali residues every year, plus the store of past years, alkali residue has reached up to the megaton. A great deal of alkali residue has no place to pile up, causing the great pollution of the environment of Jiao Zhou Bay. As for the administration and recycling treatment of the alkali residue, a lot of technological schemes both at home and abroad has been proposed, accumulating abundant experience, but a great deal of drawbacks exist on the economy and technology.With economic development and population’s growth, large amount of rubbish is generated, the composition of which is more and more complicated. Among various kinds of method to dispose of the municipal solid waste, landfill is widely used in our country. Compared with other methods, it is economic and convenient to operate, adapted to developing countries with far-flung region but lacking funds, such as our country.The urban sewage treatment plant discharges out a large amount of sludge every day. According to the statistics, the amount of sludge produced by a second-class sewage plant shares about 0.3-0.5% of the total amount of the water treated. If deep treatment processing is carried out, the amount of sludge produced may increase further. In order to maintain normal operation and obtain good treatment result, the sludge produced every day has to be handled in time. According to the situation of our country, landfill method is a kind of choice for compromise to handle the sludge problem for its cheap investment, great capacity and quick effect. In the future,更多还原