【作者】 曹煊；

【导师】 金春姬；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 碱渣充当覆盖土应用于填埋场是一个比较新颖的课题,本文从碱渣对重金属吸附的角度,采用动态试验和静态试验结合的方法,对碱渣的吸附机理、吸附性能进行了研究,为碱渣应用于填埋场提供理论支持。在碱渣对单一重金属吸附的试验中,研究了温度、pH值、初始浓度等因素对Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺三种重金属离子吸附的影响。结果表明,重金属的吸附量随温度的升高而降低,随初始浓度的增大而增大,随体系pH的增大而增大。其中pH值是影响碱渣吸附的最主要因素。当吸附体系pH低于突跃pH值时,碱渣对重金属的吸附为物理吸附, Freundlich等温吸附方程可以较好的描述其等温吸附关系,Elovich动力学方程可以较好的描述其动力学规律,此时吸附作用力主要为范德华力、偶极间力、氢键力中的一种或几种共同作用;而当吸附体系pH高于突跃pH值时,Langmuir等温吸附方程可以较好的描述其等温吸附关系,Langmuir动力学方程可以较好的描述其动力学规律,此时其吸附作用力主要为化学键力。在竞争吸附实验中,本文从吸附竞争系数的角度上研究了Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺三种重金属离子共存的情况下碱渣对其的吸附特点,研究显示随着体系pH和初始浓度的升高,Cu²⁺的竞争吸附系数呈下降趋势而Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺呈上升趋势,而随温度的升高Cu²⁺竞争吸附系数呈现升高的趋势,而Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺的竞争吸附系数呈现减小的趋势。动态试验在模拟实际填埋场覆盖层的基础上,采用高浓度和水力负荷的重金属吸附质对碱渣层进行淋洗。试验结果表明水力负荷为:286.6L/m²·h,浓度负荷为:Cu²⁺ 8.68×10⁴ mg·m^-2·h^-1;Zn²⁺ 4.21×10⁴ mg·m（-2）·h^-1;Cd²⁺ 1.40×10⁴ mg·m^-2·h^-1条件下。单一碱渣层对重金属有较高的吸附截留能力,其穿透时间达到60h以上,饱和时间超过88h。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using alkaline sludge in landfill to take place of cover soil is a novel problem. In this paper the adsorption characteristics and mechanism of alkaline sludge were investigated by the method which combined with dynamic experiments and static experiments, and these experiments will provided the theory bases for using alkaline sludge in landfill.The effects of temperature, pH and initial concentration on the adsorption of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ were studied in the single metal experiments. The results indicated that the adsorption amounts of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ on alkaline sludge were increasing when the pH and initial concentration were increasing. While, when the temperature was increasing the adsorption amounts were decreasing pH was the main factor which affected the adsorption. When the pH was higher than the jump curve pH, the adsorption of heavy metal on alkaline sludge was physical adsorption, Freundlich isotherm equation could fit the isotherm data well and Elovich equation could best described the adsorption process. In this condition, the main adsorption bond force was Van der waals force Forces, Hydrogen bond forces and Dipole bond force. While when the pH was lower than the jump curve pH, the adsorption of heavy metal on alkaline sludge was chemical adsorption, Langmuir isotherm equation could fit the isotherm data well and Langmuir kinetics equation could best described the adsorption process. In this condition, the main adsorption bond force was Chemical bond force.When Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ were coexist in the system, the adsorption characteristics on alkaline sludge were studied on the basis of competitive adsorption coefficient.更多还原