【作者】 吴联；

【导师】 周乐；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 蚕沙(Silkworm feces)即蚕食桑叶(Morus alba L.)后的排泄物,是一种传统中药。干燥的蚕沙呈小圆柱型颗粒,坚实,均匀,色黑或墨绿。由于其在治疗糖尿病,抗病毒,抗癌等方面有显著的效果,因而引起了国内外大量学者的关注。本论文对蚕沙的化学成分特别是生物碱成分进行了研究,并对蚕沙的研究概况进行了综述。在研究工作中,首先采用试管法对蚕沙化学成分进行了系统预试,由结果初步确定其含有黄酮类,甾体/萜类,酚类,内酯/香豆素类,生物碱,糖及其苷,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白质;可能含有鞣质,皂苷,蒽醌及其苷,挥发油;不含强心苷等。用去离子水超声提取,过滤,提取液直接用732型阳离子交换树脂处理,去离子水洗至流出液无色,用1 mol/L的盐酸溶液洗脱,至流出液对茚三酮不显色。将洗脱液浓缩即得到主要为生物碱的浸膏。将浸膏分为两部分,按不同的方法处理:第一部分用不同极性的溶剂(石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水)萃取,然后各部分用硅胶柱层析分离,从乙酸乙酯部分分离得到3个化合物,正丁醇和水部分共分离得到6个对茚三酮显色的化合物;第二部分先用大孔树脂LSA-30预处理,然后用2,4-二硝基氟苯进行结构衍生,用Sephadex LH-20粗分后硅胶柱层析纯化。从蚕沙提物物中共分离得到9个化合物,结构修饰得到2个化合物,经ESI-MS,CI-MS,1HNMR,13CNMR综合解析,确定了其中3个化合物。化合物3为香豆素,化合物4为丙氨酸,化合物7和8均为1-deoxynojirimicyn,其物理性质不同,可能在构型上有差异。采用药敏纸片法对蚕沙70%乙醇提取物进行了抑菌活性研究,各萃取物的抑菌活性由强到弱的顺序为:乙酸乙酯相>石油醚相>氯仿相>正丁醇相,结合成分预试结果表明主要抑菌活性成分为香豆素/内酯和黄酮类/酚类。更多还原

【Abstract】 Silkworm feces is the excrement of silkworm, which is one of the Chinese traditional medicine, after the silkworm nibbles the mulberry leaves. The dried silkworm feces is presented a small columned granule of massiness and uniformity which is black or blackish green. Due to its remarkable effect of the cure of the diabetes,antivirus and anticancer, it arouses the attention of many researchers in the world. The paper is mainly about the chemical constituents of the silkworm feces especially the alkaloids, and the general situation of the study on the silkworm has been reviewed in this thesis.The systematic preliminary tests have been done by the methods of the tube-test. It was found that it contains flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, phenols, lact ones, coumarins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins; probably contains tannides, saponins, thraquinones , volatile oils; contanis no cardiac glycosides.The silkworm feces was extracted by ultrasonic with deionized water and filtered. the extraction solution was adsorbed by 732# cation exchange resin, then eluted with deionized water until the color of the eluate became colorless, after that, the solution of 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid was used to elut the resin until the eluate can’t be colored with ninhydrin. Thus, the concentrated eluant extraction mainly contained alkaloids. The extraction was divided into two parts, was dealed with in different methods: the first part was extracted by solvent with different polarity, then separated with colum chromatography of silica gel; the second part was filtered through macroporous resin LSA-30, and the components’structure were decorated with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, then seperated with colum chromatography of silica gel.Finally, nine compounds were isolated from the water extraction of silkworm feces; two compounds was isolated from structure qualification. Based on their spectral data(IR,ESI MS,1H NMR,13C NMR),three of them have been confirmed,which are 1-deoxynojirimycin, coumarins,alaine. The compound 7and 8 may both are 1-deoxynojirimycin, only with differences in their configurations.The antibacterial activity of different extractions were tested with dish diffusion of three different concentration. The result showed that ethyl acetate extract had the strongest更多还原