【作者】 刘晓荣；

【导师】 程智慧；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文结合生产,采用温室盆栽技术和室内分析方法,对蝴蝶兰在营养生长、花芽分化、花梗伸长、花蕾发育四个生长阶段的关键栽培技术和花期调控技术进行了研究,主要研究结论如下:1通过N、P、K、Ca、Mg 5因素4水平正交设计试验表明,N对两个品种营养生长发育影响最大,对总叶片数影响达到显著水平,P对两个品种花芽分化影响最大,Ca对花梗粗度的影响最大,Mg浓度过大会造成叶片脱落;适合品种‘2048’营养生长最佳营养配比为N:P2O5:K2O:CaO:MgO=40:5:10:10:10;适合品种‘满天红’营养生长最佳营养配比为N:P2O5:K2O:CaO:MgO=40:5:5:10:20;品种‘2048’对肥料配比试验敏感;其中T9(N-P2O5-K2O-CaO: 20-40-20-5)对提高花芽分化速度效果最佳,且增加了叶片厚度,总体观赏价值优于对照。2在高山条件下,花芽分化过程中,叶片中全氮和全钾的含量变化趋势基本相同;可溶性糖含量与淀粉含量变化趋势基本相反,游离氨基酸与可溶性蛋白含量亦呈相反变化趋势;过氧化物酶含量,开始逐渐上升,花芽分化时维持高峰,之后急剧下降。山下对照无花芽出现,全氮、全钾、可溶性糖变化、可溶性蛋白、过氧化物酶的变化没有规律;花梗发育阶段,全钾的变化趋势比较大。3在高山低温催花过程中,25 mg/kg 6-BA涂抹或喷施可有效地促进花芽分化,花芽分化率比对照提高8.3%;50 mg/kg GA涂抹处理花芽分化率比对照提高16.6%;25 mg/kg PP333喷施处理花芽分化率比对照提高16.6%;B9对花芽分化影响不大;TDZ不能促进花芽分化。山下施用6-BA、B9、PP333,在调查时间内一直未见有花芽分化,可见低温是影响蝴蝶兰花芽分化的关键因子。缩短花梗试验表明,250 mg/kg PP333缩短效果最佳,比对照缩短6.97cm,PP333处理主要缩短了花梗第一节间长;处理开花的时间均比对照晚。4在6种植物生长调节剂中,乙烯利和TDZ导致花蕾逐渐地凋落;其余4种都可以有效地促进开花,只有6-BA处理过植株的花朵盛开时间与对照相差无几。不同浓度6-BA处理对蝴蝶兰3个品种花期影响不同,品种2022,75mg/kgBA和100mg/kgBA处理的花期分别比对照提前3d和5d;品种2009,50mg/kgBA、75mg/kgBA和100mg/kgBA处理的植株花期比对照提前开花约5d;品种2048,仅有100mg/kgBA使花期提前4d左右。施用时期方面,花蕾发育期Ⅱ(15mm)时处理,花蕾发育量均值比花蕾发育期Ⅰ(5mm)处理增加快0.8176mm; 6-BA(50mg/kg)促进花蕾发育效果最佳;6-BA结合KH2PO4处理可以延长花期,缩短小花之间开花间隔,其中100 mg/kg 6-BA+4000 mg/kg KH2PO4(T4)更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the key techniques about the cultivation and regulation of florescence of pot Phalaenopsis were studied adopting the means of potted experiments and indoors analyzes combined with production. The results can be summarized as follows:1 Orthogonal experiment indicated that vegetative growth (especially total leaves) and bud differentiation were affected significantly by nitrogen and phosphorous respectively, while stalk thickness were influenced by calcium and leaves were fallen by high concentration magnesium for two cultivars. To‘Queen beer’, the optimum fertilization proportions (N-P2O5-K2O-CaO) for vegetative growth was 40-5-5-10-20, while to‘2048’the optimum was 40:5:10:10:10. The variety‘2048’was sensitive to fertilization proportions test. The optimal treatment for promoting bud differentiation was T9(N-P2O5-K2O-CaO: 20-40-20-5), which also made leaves thicker and ornamental value was better than the control.2 Great physiological and biochemical changes had happened in the leaves during the forcing cool temperature for bud differentiation: changes of nitrogen and phosphorous were in the same direction; changes of the soluble sugar were contrary to the starch; changes of free amino acid were opposite of the soluble protein. Peroxidase content increased gradually at the beginning, then arrived at a peak with bud appearance, then decreased rapidly. However, there were no rules to find in the leaves of control in sub-mountain. Great changes of Potassium had happened during stalk elongation.3 Bud differentiation rate with daubing or spraying 25mg/kg 6-BA was more 8.3% than that of the control; 50mg/kg GA and 25mg/kgPP333 were more16.6% than that of the control; Bud differentiation rate was not significantly affected by B9; TDZ was of no use to bud differentiation induction. There was no flower bud emergence in the control with three plant growth regulators (6-BA, B9, PP333) in sub-mountain. It could be concluded that cool temperature is the key factor to induce bud differentiation.The experiment of shortening stalk showed that the suitable treatment was 250mg/kg PP333 and the height of stalk was 6.97cm shorter than the control. PP333 was mainly shortened the first internode of florescence and delayed the flowering time.4 The experiment of flower bud induction revealed that 6-BA treatment was the best更多还原