【作者】 闫爱华；

【导师】 张显友；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨理工大学 ， 材料学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 根据膨胀炭层的形成方式,膨胀型阻燃剂有化学膨胀和物理膨胀之分,以聚磷酸铵(Ammonium polyphosphate,APP)、季戊四醇和三聚氰胺为膨胀组分的膨胀阻燃剂(Intumescent flame retardan,IFR)是典型的化学膨胀阻燃剂,其研究获得了广泛的关注;可膨胀石墨(Expandable Graphite,EG),作为典型物理膨胀阻燃剂的代表,其研究和应用是最近阻燃领域研究的热点,然而,有关IFR与EG协同阻燃的研究很少。本论文采用氧指数、热分析及扫描电子显微镜等方法系统研究了两种膨胀阻燃聚乙烯(Polyethylene,PE)体系的阻燃性能、热降解过程及炭层结构,通过比较分析EG/APP与EG/IFR两个协同阻燃PE体系的阻燃性能和阻燃机理,获得了高效复配阻燃体系,并利用两种膨胀阻燃机理,制备了具有自身协同阻燃作用的新型高效EG阻燃剂。本论文的研究表明:(1)两种膨胀阻燃体系具有不同的阻燃性能和阻燃机理,膨胀炭层的致密性和耐热性对阻燃性能起到了关键作用,EG形成的膨胀石墨炭层能够更有效地降低体系热降解速率,增加了体系燃烧过程中的成炭,IFR由于形成的膨胀炭层的致密性不足、耐热性有限,导致阻燃性能有限;(2)EG与APP或IFR之间均存在显著的协同阻燃作用,体系氧指数表现出大幅度的增加,协同阻燃机理的关键在于能够形成致密、稳定的膨胀炭层,而且EG与IFR的成炭过程能够互相作用,协同阻燃效果更加明显;(3)利用EG的协同阻燃作用原理,通过对石墨层间反应的控制可制备具有自身协同阻燃作用的高效EG;插层剂对EG阻燃性能有重要的影响,以APP为插层剂的EG具有较好的阻燃性能,体系热降解残炭较高、热失重速率较低,表现出较好的协同阻燃作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the formation process of intumescent char layer, there are two kinds of intumescent flame retardant, chemically intumescent flame retardant (CIFR) and physically intumescent one (PIFR). Intumescent flame retardant (IFR) based on the components of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER) and melamine (MN), as traditional CIFR, has been widely studied while expandable graphite (EG) as typical PIFR has been paid much attention to recently. However, few reports on the study of the synergistic effect of EG and IFR can be found. The paper aims at the study on the synergistic effect of two kinds of intumescent systems. The flame retardant properties, thermal degradation process and structure of char layer of two kinds of intumescent flame retardant polyethylene (PE), PE/EG and PE/IFR, are investigated by means of limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). By comparison of the synergistic effects of EG/APP and EG/IFR, the synergistic mechanism is revealed and a compound flame retardant system of high flame retardant efficiency is obtained. Furthermore, new EG of self synergistic effect is prepared by using the synergistic effect of two kinds of intumescent systems.Following results can be obtained in the paper: (1) Although two kinds of intumescent flame retardan systems show different flame retardant properties and mechanism, the properties of intumescent char layer play an important role in flame retardant mechanism. The better flame retardant efficiency of EG should be ascribed to the thermal stable expanded graphite layer which greatly decreased the weight loss rate and improved the char mass during thermal degradation更多还原