【作者】 赵东旭；

【导师】 魏湜；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 为进一步探讨春小麦稀植栽培下不同类型品种生理特性变化规律及氮肥利用效率，本试验选用蛋白质含量不同的3个春小麦品种（品系），试验设栽培密度（A）和施氮水平（B）两个因子。三个密度处理：基本苗A₁600万／hm²，A₂450万／hm²，A₃300万／hm²。施氮B₁30kg／hm²，B₂120kg／hm²，B₃210kg／hm²三个水平，通过田间试验对稀植栽培下春小麦各性状进行实验分析，结果表明： 稀植栽培可增大小麦旗叶叶面积，随着密度与施肥处理的变化，总体上三个品种单株叶面积、光合速率和可溶性蛋白质含量的变化趋势在各个时期均表现为密度减小、肥力增大三个指标也增大。 小麦氮积累量、氮转运量随密度减小、施氮量增加利氮肥后移而增加，各品种在不同密度处理下单株氮积累差异显著，稀植与高肥处理下各时期氮积累最大，常规处理下各时期氮积累最小。不同品种间单株氮素积累量有所差异；三个品种在相同水平下进行比较得到的结果不同，东农122受处理影响表现的最明显，龙麦26次之，而02-4256表现最差。三个品种各器官氮含量由大到小顺序依次为叶片＞茎鞘＞穗轴和颖壳，说明叶片是小麦主要的氮素积累器官，但到生育后期，由于叶片衰老速度加快，所以后期氮素主要贮存在茎鞘中。 稀植对NR活性的变化趋势无明显影响，但显著影响酶活性强度。稀植处理下酶活性显著高于常规处理，说明密度的大小对酶活性有一定的影响；相同密度下，增大施氮量前氮后移导致NR活性增强，不同品种间东农122NR活性最高，龙麦26次之，02-4256最低。 在子粒蛋白质含量方面东农122表现为显著增加（A3＞A2＞A1），其他两个品种蛋白质含量差异不大，稀植栽培下产量和品质的矛盾依然存在，蛋白质与产量均呈负相关。三个品种产量都是在A2B2、A2B3处理下产量达到最大值，而在A3处理下产量有所下降，说明稀植与施肥处理对产量的影响较大。 三个供试品种中东农122和龙麦26在A2B2、A2B3处理下各项指标间协调较好，产量增加最大，龙麦26蛋白质含量增加最大，而02-4256相对较差。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to make the further explore for the changing regulation of physiology characters and utilization efficiency under low seeding density cultivation of spring wheat, three spring wheat cultivars （lines） which have different protein content were selected for the experiment. We established two factors that is density （A） and nitrogen topdressing level （B）. Three density treatments: A₁ is conventional treatment, had 6 million basic seeding per hectare; A₂ and A₃ are low seeding density treatments, separating had 4.5 and 3.0 million basic seeding per hectare. The topdressing level of N: B₁ 30kg/hm², B₂ 120 kg/hm², B-3 210 kg/hm². The study on the characters of spring wheat under low seeding density by field test indicated that:Low seeding density can enlarge the greenery area of flag LA, with the density and fertilizer changing, the trend of single plant in each period shows: the smaller the density and the higher the fertility is, the bigger the area and the photosynthetic rate and soluble protein content is.The accumulation and transportation amount of N are increase with the decrease of seeding density, the increase application of N and apply N at later growing stage. The accumulation of N of each cultivar under different density has significant differences at each period, low seeding density and and high fertilizer treatment made the maximum accumulation of N, and in the conventional treatment the accumulation is the minimum. Different single plant has different N accumulation, the result compared with three cultivars in same level is different: the treatment has the most obviously influence to Dongnong 122, to Longmai 26 the influence is less, and to 02-4256 the influence is the lest. In three cultivars, the protein content in each organ settled in order from big to small is: leaf blade>stem sheath>spike vegetative organ, which certified that leaves are the main organ for the accumulation of N, but at the later growing stage, because of the acceleration senesce speed of leaves, N is mainly stored in stem sheath.The low seeding density cultivation has no obviously influence to the change of NRA, but has significant influence to the strength of NRA. Under the same density, enhance the fertilizer amount of N or applying N at later growing stage can improve the NRA. Among three cultivars, the NRA of Dongnong122 is the highest, second is Longmai26, and 02-4256 is the lowest.As to the grain proten content, Dongnongl22 has significantly increased （A₃>A₂>A₁）, in theother two cultivars the different is distinguish.The antimony of yield and quality is still exist, the更多还原