【作者】 孙子重；

【导师】 刘宁；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 食品科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过对实验蛋白（从羊皮铬革屑中提取的胶原蛋白／多肽）进行食品卫生级理化指标的测定和安全毒理学实验，并与水解胶原蛋白粉和皮食用明胶指标比较，评价铬革屑提取蛋白的食用安全性。 本课题主要从三个方面展开研究。第一，通过对实验蛋白的水分、灰分、粗蛋白、氨基酸、铬含量（包括六价铬）及其细菌总数等理化指标的测定，并与QB 2732-2005（水解胶原蛋白粉）和GB 6783-94（皮食用明胶）指标相比较，评价其食用安全性。第二，通过预试验，将72只昆明小鼠，雌雄各半分成12组，分别灌服不同剂量的实验蛋白和铬溶液，进行急性毒性实验，以获得实验蛋白和铬溶液的半数致死量(LD₅₀)。第三，将104只Wistar大鼠，雌雄各半，分成空白对照组（灌服生理盐水）、实验蛋白组（灌服不同剂量的实验蛋白）和铬溶液组（灌服不同剂量的铬溶液），进行蓄积毒性和亚慢性毒性实验。观察各实验组大鼠脏器中铬的蓄积情况，一般指标（症状、体重变化、脏器系数、食物利用率），一般化验指标（血常规、血液生化指标）并进行病理组织切片观察，评定实验蛋白的安全性。 结果如下：1．理化指标检测结果表明，实验蛋白水分、灰分含量增高，蛋白含量降低，氨基酸种类减少。总铬含量超标25倍，六价铬含量超标100多倍。2．实验蛋白对昆明小鼠的LD₅₀＞15g／kg体重，毒性较低。3．实验蛋白组的中、高剂量组和铬剂量组对大鼠的肺脏和肾脏有铬蓄积作用，与对照组相比差异显著（P＜0.05）。亚慢性毒性实验中蛋白组和铬溶液组各项指标变化趋势相似，只是程度较轻，随着时间的推移，食物利用率下降，肺脏、肾脏、睾丸系数逐渐下降，白细胞减少，血小板数减少，BUN和Crea水平也高于正常对照组，有的指标与对照组相比有显著性意义。而且病理组织切片显示实验蛋白高剂量组也使肺脏和肾脏发生实质性病变。 经结果分析，结论如下：1．制革工艺中加入的各种试剂和水解提蛋白加入的碱很可能是灰分增高、蛋白含量和氨基酸减少的主要原因，其中铬鞣剂是蛋白中铬超标严重的首要原因。2．毒性实验表明，实验蛋白LD₅₀＞15g／kg，基本无毒，但仍能对肺脏和肾脏产生铬蓄积作用，并且随着时间的延长会对其产生病理性损伤，这与铬实验组变化相似。结果显示此实验蛋白具有一定的毒性作用，不能作为食用蛋白使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article aimed to appraise the edible security of collagen protein/peptide which extracted from chrome shavings, through security toxicology experiment. And compare its physical & chemical trait with hydrolyzed collagen and edible gelatine.This study was mainly conducted in three aspects. Firstly, in order to appraise its edible security, the content of moisture, ash, protein, amino acid and chromium (including chromium(VI)) of the collagen protein/peptide(which extracted from chrome shavings) and general bacterial population were determined, which were compared with QB 2732-2005 (hydrolisis collagen protein dried) and GB 6783-94 (skin edible gelatin). Secondly, acute virulence experiment: through the pre-experiment, 72 Kunming-mouses that with half female and male were divided into 12 groups, which were separately filled with different dosage of the collagen protein/peptide and the chromium solution, in order to obtain median lethal doses (LD50) of the collagen protein/peptide and the chromium solution.Thirdly, accumulation toxity experiment and subchronic toxity experiment: the 104 Wistar rats that with half female and male were divided into three groups, including the control (filled with 0.9% saline), the collagen protein/peptide group (filled with different dosage of collagen protein/peptide) and the chromium solution group (filled with different dosage of chromium solution). The security of the collagen protein/peptide was evaluated, by inspecting the accumulate situation of chromium in the internal organs, the general index (symptom, body weight, organs coefficient, food use factor) and generally analyzed index (blood routine, blood biochemistry target) of each experimental group, and the pathology tissue slices were also examined.Result: 1 .The result of physical and chemical index measurement indicated that the moisture and ash content of collagen protein/peptide were increased, the content of protein and the kind of amino acid was reduced. Total chromium content of collagen protein/peptide was 25 times as much as that of the standard. And chromium (VI) content was more than 100 times of that of the standard. 2.The result of acute virulence experiment showed that LD50>15g/kg weight of mouse, the toxicity of the collagen protein/peptide was relatively low. 3.The results of the collagen protein/peptide treated group which treated with medium and high dosages of collagen protein/peptide and chromium treated group indicated that both collagen protein/peptide and chromium contributed to the chromium accumulation of rat’s lung and kidney significantly (P<0.05 ), in comparison with control group. In the inferior chronic toxic experiment, the variance tendency of every index of collagen protein/peptide treated group are similar to chromium solution treated group, just a little更多还原