【作者】 徐志远；

【导师】 秦智伟；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 氮肥是作物的三大肥料之一，但是目前氮肥的大量施用不仅造成了环境的污染，同时导致作物对氮肥的利用效率下降，使农民的生产成本升高；此外，氮肥的过量施用也是造成蔬菜硝酸盐含量超标的主要原因之一，这也是我国目前开展的绿色及无公害蔬菜生产面临的主要问题。针对这一情况，开展蔬菜品种的氮素利用率的研究，特别是低氮水平时蔬菜品种的氮利用率鉴定指标的确定，为筛选耐低氮蔬菜品种资源提供方便准确的指标和方法。本试验选用黄瓜这一大家常见的蔬菜为研究对象，以期待能对生产实践有积极的作用。 本试验采用盆栽的方式，选择3个生态类型共20个黄瓜品种作为试验材料，分析研究黄瓜在不同氮素水平下的氮素利用率和耐瘠薄指数，表现水平差异。确定低氮水平时氮素利用率的鉴定指标，并对高低氮水平时各品种的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的含量进行分析，以及筛选耐低氮胁迫的黄瓜种质资源。结果如下： 不同黄瓜品种资源之间的氮利用效率在较高氮素水平和极低氮素水平时的差异不大，但是在较低氮素水平时的差异明显，表现在全生育期氮素积累量、生物干重和经济产量上。按不同生态类型比较，发现在华北型黄瓜中的两个品种、欧洲鲜用型的两个品种以及华南型中的一个品种的氮利用率较高。氮利用率与耐瘠薄指数密切相关，氮利用率高的品种耐瘠薄能力也较强。 通过对各形态指标与低氮下的氮利用率的相关分析发现，黄瓜的经济产量、株高、真叶面积、根体积、根干重、叶绿素含量等6个指标与氮利用率的相关达到极显著水平，可以作为鉴定黄瓜的耐瘠薄鉴定指标。 本试验对高低氮下各黄瓜品种的亚硝酸盐及硝酸盐进行了分析，发现基因型间的差异也比较大，除高氮水平时一个品种的亚硝酸盐超标外，其余品种的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐均未超标，品种D0327的食用安全性最高。 通过对亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐与NR活性的相关分析得出，二者与NR活性的相关均未达到显著水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nitrogen is one of three fertilizers, but a great deal use of nitrogenous fertilizer has made environmental pollution, as soon as made the descend of nitrogen efficiency of corps and enhance the cost. One of the important reasons of the irrational use of nitrogenous fertilizers is which make higher content of nitrate than health standard. The lack of nitrogenous fertilizer make the descend of yield and quality of vegetable. To solve the problem, it is necessary to study nitrogen efficiency, in order to provide precise and convenient indexes and methods which is very significant work currently. The selection of cucumber which are common for people. Hope it is good for vegetable planted.The experimentation were taken by potted planted to study the difference of nitrogen use efficiency in different cucumber varies. In order to confirm the identifiable of nitrogen use efficiency and identify valuable breeding and planting material to green food, studied the nitrite and nitrate content of cucumber, and the mechanism of nitrite and nitrate accumulation.There is distinct difference of nitrogen use efficiency among the different varies of cucumber in low nitrogen. The supply varies are classed 3 types by nitrogen accumulation, biology dry weight and yield, found the nitrogen use efficiency are higher which two varies of huabei type, two varies of European fresh type and one varies of huanan type.. The nitrogen use efficiency is significantly related to the exponent of malnutrition stress.The experimentation mainly studied the characters of cucumber’s relation to the nitrogen use efficiency in low nitrogen, find yield, plant height, leaf area, root volume, root dry weight, the ratio of root and plant six characters is significantly related nitrogen use efficiency. They can be the examination of malnutrition stress.The experimentation studied the nitrite and nitrate content of varies, there is distinct difference among the different varies. Except one varies’ nitrite content is high, others are lower than healthy standard, the varies D0327 is best for eating.To analyse correlativity of NR activity and nitrite and nitrate content, the related of them is not significant.更多还原