【作者】 官福海；

【导师】 李忠华； 潘一山；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 工程力学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 矿震是由于采矿活动而诱发的矿井岩体突然失稳破坏的动力现象，是影响矿井安全生产的重大自然灾害之一。矿震一旦发生就有可能影响生产，甚至造成财产损失和人员伤亡，随着时间的推移，许多矿井将进入深部开采，矿震发生的数量将出现进一步上升的趋势，其灾害性也将日趋严重。本文通过对矿震的特点、发生条件、分类和产生机理的研究和目前国内外4种主要的矿震监测方法的优缺点的剖析，总结出微震监测法是当前矿震的监测预报的发展趋势之一，这为建立智能化、自动化、可视化和网络化的矿震监测定位系统做了理论准备。 结合拥有自主知识产权的木城涧矿震监测定位系统，研究了系统的台址选择原则，系统的各个组成部分和总体布置。对困扰系统的雷击事故，采取了内外结合的避雷方案和良好接地措施，实际运行结果表明，此套防范措施效果良好。 本文介绍了木城涧矿震监测定位系统的监测程序和部分主程序的编程原理、功能和界面。给出了监测到的矿震信号和其它干扰信号的完整波形图。分析了矿震信号的特点，对干扰信号进行了大胆地推测。初步对矿震波的震相进行了分析：得到了矿震P波的初至时刻和初动方向。 本文研究了适用于矿震的发震时刻、震源位置和震级的测定方法。推导出了一种可以应用于单台定位中的发震时刻的计算公式。研究了基于发震时刻计算公式的单台站定位方法，分析了其在木城涧矿震监测定位系统中的应用结果。本文首次提出了应用于两台、三台定位的直线方程法；对SW-GBM法的各种情况进行了讨论，应用平面四点定位程序进行了试验，得出了可以应用于实际的结论。 选取用近震震级、矩震级和持续时间震级三种标度测定矿震的震级大小。在根据矿震不同于地震的特点，近震震级计算中引入了李学政的近场起算函数，以提高小区域的震级精度；在矩震级计算中，使用了陈培善提出的，利用加速度测定矩震级的公式；拟合了适用于木城涧矿区的持续时间震级公式。对三种标度计算的震级结果进行了比较。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rockburst, a dynamic phenomenon of rock-mass unstable breakage suddenly which is induced by mining, is one of the heavy natural disasters that affects the safty in the mineral production. Once it occurrence maybe influence production, even result in property lose and personnel’s dead and injured, along with process of time, more and more mines will get in the period of the deep mine, the trend that the quantity of the rockburst will appear the further rising, its disaster also will gradually serious. With the study of the characteristics to rockburst, condition of its occurence, its categorizes and mechanism of produces and the analysis of the merit and shortcoming of 4 kinds of main rockburst monitor method currently at home and abroad, the result that one of the development trends of the monitor forecast is the microseism monitor is obtained. This is the theoretical preparation for rockburst monitoring and orientation system’s intelligence, automation, visual and network.Combining with the Mu Chengjian rockburst monitoring and orientation system which has the independent intelligent property right, the principle of selecting the pedestal address for the system , each elements and general arrangement of the system are studied. The interior and exterior lighting protection method has been used and proper grounding arrangements are applied on where needed. The results of practical running indicate that they work well on protecting system from lightning stroke.The program principle, functions and interfaces of system’s monitoring and partial main procedure are introduced. The full oscillogram of rockburst signals and other disturbing signals have been drawn, and the characteristic of the rockburst signals is obtained. The writer has supposed what the disturbing signals are. According to the analysis of seismic phase which is after filtration, the first arrival time and first motion direction of P wave are obtained.In this paper, the calculate methods of rockburst time, hypocentral location and magnitude for rockburst are studied. The formula for rockburst time, which can be applied on single station orientation, are deduced, the orientation methods base upon it are obtained, and get a good result on practically orientate in Mu Chengjian colliery. In this paper, the linear equation orientation methods for double or three stations put forward firstly. All situation of SW-GBM have been discussed. The numerical experiment for planar four stations orientation program has been done, and get the conclusion that it can be used.Three scales for magnitude, such as local magnitude, moment magnitude and duration magnitude, are used to determining rockburst magnitude. According to the difference between rockburst and natural earthquake, Li Xuezheng’s calibration function of the near field is used in local magnitude formula. The formula for determining moment magnitude using acceleration given by Chen Peishan is used, too. The duration magnitude formula is fitted for Mu Chengjian colliery. The results calculated by all of them are compared, and a conclusion is given.更多还原