【作者】 林志兰；

【导师】 余兴光；

【作者基本信息】 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】以福建罗源湾为例

【摘要】 在沿海城市点源污染逐步得到治理的情况下，近岸海域水质仍没有明显改善，近岸许多海湾富营养化呈发展趋势，赤潮灾害时有发生，如何对海湾非点源污染进行科学的定量评估，并提出相应的控制对策，对于促进海湾区域经济社会的可持续发展具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。 本研究探讨了海湾富营养化非点源污染的评估范畴，结合现场调查和GIS技术进行海湾非点源污染负荷的估算，提出确定海湾非点源污染总量控制目标的基本原则，在海湾生态系统管理理念指导下，阐述海湾非点源污染控制的管理政策和技术措施，取得了以下成果： 第一，以海湾汇水区内的陆源(农村生活污水、地表径流、畜禽养殖)和海源(海水养殖)为海湾非点源污染主要来源，采用GIS及现场调查相结合的方法，开展海湾汇水区域入海非点源污染氮磷负荷的估算；以海湾生态承载能力为基础，提出非点源入海总量控制原则与技术方案。在方法学上对海湾区域入海非点源污染物总量控制计划的制定及污染治理具有一定的指导作用。 第二，针对我国入海非点源污染防治的薄弱环节，把人的动机和响应作为生态系统管理研究的组成部分，进行博弈分析，阐明管理政策对于海湾非点源污染控制的重要性，并比较系统提出海湾非点源污染控制的法制建设、行政与经济手段等管理对策，为我国海湾非点源污染管理、政策法规体系的建设提供有价值的借鉴。 第三，以局部区域呈富营养化状态的罗源湾为研究案例，通过入海非点源污染氮磷负荷定量评估表明：2004年罗源湾入海非点源污染TN、TP负荷排放量分别为4858.34t和201.03t，占罗源湾入海污染物总排放量的90％以上。同时根据区域相关发展规划，预测2010年罗源湾入海TN、TP污染负荷将分别达到16.33t／d和2.15t／d；2020年分别为20.85t／d和2.90t／d。为遏制罗源湾水质进一步恶化，在严格控制点源污染情况下，近期罗源湾非点源污染的TN、TP需在原来的基础上分别削减20％和24％，总量控制目标分别为3932t／a和433t／a。结合罗源湾区域自然环境特征和发展规划，提出了非点源污染控制的政策管理及技术措施，为罗源湾区域污染整治与生态环境保护规划的制定提供了科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The point source pollution in the cities along the coast has been controlled gradually, however, the quality of sea water has not been improved obviously yet. Eutrophication is developing and algae bloom happens frequently. It is important for sustainable developing of coastal economy to estimate the load of non-point source pollution in coastal waters and raise corresponding control measures in both theoretic value and realistic significances.The paper focused on discussing the scope of research, estimating the load of non-point source pollution in coastal waters by the method of GIS and fieldwork, putting forward a principle for determining the total pollutant loading control of non-point sources pollution in coastal areas, raising the management measures and technical measurements based on ecosystem management. Major results are following.Firstly, the load of annual total nitrogen and annual total phosphorus of non-point source pollution were estimated with the method of GIS and fieldwork, which mainly includes household wastewater, livestock cultivation, surface runoff and marine aquaculture. According to the ecological carrying capacity, the principle and technical method of total pollutant loading control of non-point source pollution were put forward, which provide a scientific basis for the plan of coastal areas total pollutant control. It will make an instructing role on establishing total pollution control plan and pollution control of coastal areas in methodology.Secondly, in view of the weakness of non-point sources pollution prevention and control in China, we illustrated that management measure is vital to control non-point sources pollution of coastal areas by analyzing human people motivations and responses in ecosystem management with game theory. Moreover, the control measures of non-point source pollution in coastal areas from regulations system, policy laws, and economical method are created. It is valuable for the management of non-point source pollution and construction of policy laws and regulations system.Finally, using Luoyuan Bay which partial sea areas happens eutrophication as case, the load of annual total-nitrogen and annual total-phosphorus of non-point source pollution were 4858.34 t and 201.03 t in Luoyuan coastal areas in 2004, respectively. The load of non-point sources pollutant occupied more than 90% above of the total更多还原