【作者】 孙艳红；

【导师】 张洪江； 王玉杰；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以重庆缙云山不同植被类型坡面径流小区为研究对象,采用灰色系统方法、相关分析、线性回归等分析方法,对不同植被类型坡面土壤水分及地表径流特性进行分析,重点研究植被和降雨因子对地表径流的影响。通过研究重庆缙云山不同植被类型坡面土壤水分及地表径流特性,从而揭示土壤水分的运动和贮存规律,为三峡库区理水调洪型植被建设提供一定的依据。得出主要结论如下:(1)土壤非毛管持水量由大到小依次为:灌木林(66.2mm)>针阔混交林(57.52mm)>常绿阔叶林(47.99mm)>楠竹林(46.98mm)。灌木林土壤饱和蓄水量最好,为266.48mm;针阔混交林较好,为190.4mm;常绿阔叶林次之,为186.8mm;楠竹林最差,为174.8mm。灌木林土壤饱和蓄水量比楠竹林的多52.4%。从森林土壤涵蓄降水量和有效涵蓄降水量来讲,灌木林分别为85.85mm和19.67mm,楠竹林分别为56.56mm和9.66mm,灌木林水源涵养的作用远高于其它林地土壤,楠竹林水源涵养作用最差。(2)不同植被类型的植被状况参数对地表径流系数影响的大小顺序是:草本层盖度(0.7720)>枯落物厚度(0.7445)>灌木层盖度(0.6661)>郁闭度(0.6142),针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林的植被状况参数对地表径流系数的影响大,其灰关联度分别为0.6346和0.6185,而楠竹林对地表径流系数的影响最小,其灰关联度为0.5000。灰色关联法分析结果进一步证实了针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林具有良好的水文生态功能。(3)地表径流深与降雨量、径流系数与降雨量、径流历时与降雨历时,呈现出极显著的正相关关系。地表产流初损历时和峰值与主要降雨因子关系不密切,再对其进行偏相关分析,初损历时和峰值与降雨各因子也不存在显著线性关系。(4)在相同暴雨条件下(降雨量76.19),楠竹林的地表径流深为针阔混交林的2.69倍、灌木林的2.94倍、常绿阔叶林的5.68倍。针阔混交林坡面径流产流历时延长218.09min,楠竹林延长113.31min,灌木林延长66.09min。常绿阔叶林最短,为63.09min。针阔混交林坡面径流深小于楠竹林,而其坡面径流历时长于楠竹林,针阔混交林在缓解洪水作用优于楠竹林。常绿阔叶林坡面地表径流深最小,而其坡面径流历时与灌木林相当,常绿阔叶林缓解洪水作用亦相当明显。楠竹林坡面径流峰值约为针阔混交林1.5倍,为灌木林的1.6倍,为阔叶林2.1倍。针阔混交林对径流峰值的削减率为31.24%,灌木林对径流峰值的削减率为35.75%,常绿阔叶林对径流更多还原

【Abstract】 The slope runoff plots of different vegetation types in Jinyun mountain ,Chongqing were selected research object in this paper . Adopting gray system method, related analytical method , the line regression analytical method etc , the slope soil water of different vegetation types and characteristics of suface runoff were analysed in order to study the influence on vegetation and surface runoff , to study the influence on rainfall factor and surface runoff , to find out the law of the soil water movement and storage . Which offer some evidences for vegetation construction of flood control and water regulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Area . The main conclusions were as the following:(1) The non-capillary holding capacity from high to low is shrub forest(66.2mm)>mixed wood>(57.52mm)>broadleaf fores(t47.99mm)>bamboo fores(t46.98mm).The saturation holding capacity of shrub forest is 266.48 mm, 190.4mm; in mixed wood, 186.8mm in broadleaf forest,and 174.8mm in the bamboo forest. The saturation holding capacity of shrub forest is 52.4% more than that of the bamboo forest . For two index of soil storaging rainfall and soil valid storage , the shrub forest has the highest water conservation fuction and water regulation ability ,which is 85.85 mm and 19.67 mm , the bamboo forest has the lowest water conservation fuction and water regulation ability ,which is 56.56 mm and 9.66 mm .(2) The sequence of effects on surface runoff coefficient by the parameters of vegetation status is that herb layer coverage (0.7720)> litter layer thickness (0.7445) > shrub layer coverage (0.6661)> canopy density (0.6142). The mixed wood and broadleaf forest has better effect on surface runoff coefficient in different vegetation types, the grey correlation degree is 0.63456, 0.6185 respectively. The bamboo forest has the smallest effect on surface runoff coefficient. the grey correlation degree is 0.5000. It was proved that the mixed wood and broadleaf forest has better hydrological and ecological function.(3) The surface runoff depth and the precipitation , the surface runoff coefficient and the precipitation , the runoff duration and the rainfall duration show extremely remarkable and positive relation. The relation of the runoff delayed duration and the main factor of rainfall , the peak value of surface runoff and the main factor of rainfall are’t close . By relation analyse , the runoff delayed duration and the main factor of rainfall , the peak value of surface runoff and the main factor of rainfall don’t exist remarkable linear relation.(4) In the same rainstorm condition , the surface runoff depth of bamboo forest is as 2.69 times as更多还原