中美贸易发展研究

【作者】 许晓冬；

【导师】 何剑；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 世界经济， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 美国是世界上最大的发达国家，中国是最大的发展中国家，自中美建交以来，两国贸易关系取得了长足进展，由于两国在经贸领域存在较强的互补性，中美贸易额增长迅速。美国已成为中国第二大贸易伙伴和最大投资国，中国也成为美国的第三大贸易伙伴和增长最快的出口市场。 然而中美贸易关系在这26年之中跌宕起伏，贸易纠纷与摩擦不断。非经济因素对两国的经贸关系产生了较大的影响，时而发生两国间经济、政治的对抗与较量。可以说，经济问题政治化已成为中美经贸关系所面临的主要问题之一。中国加入WTO后，美国实现了对华“永久性正常贸易关系”(PNTR)，意味着美国将终止实行了二十多年的对华贸易年度审议，为中美两国的贸易发展开辟了更为广阔的前景。但是，这并不意味着在后PNTR时代中美双边贸易关系就没有障碍。巨额的中美贸易逆差逐渐成为两国贸易摩擦的焦点，并有使矛盾扩大和延伸的趋向。本文试从中美贸易发展的动因、特点入手，在经济全球化及美国战后贸易政策调整的背景下对中美贸易存在的主要问题及影响中美贸易关系的经济因素、政治因素作了具体分析，希望对推动21世纪中美贸易的健康发展有积极作用。 本文从中美建交以来贸易发展的状况入手，分四个部分对中美贸易相关问题进行分析。 第一部分，以20世纪90年代为分水岭，简述了前后两个阶段中美贸易发展的基本状况。指出中美两国在资源禀赋、产业结构、消费水平等方面都有着巨大的差异，互补互利的特征决定了中美贸易迅速发展。 第二部分，通过中美贸易形式的理论基础、比较优势与现实因素分析中美贸易迅速发展的原因及特点，并进一步分析了影响中美贸易发展的消极因素。 第三部分，在经济全球化及美国保护主义政策的影响下，围绕中美贸易逆差从三个方面：美国限制来自中国的进口、美国限制向中国出口及美国干预中国宏观经济问题来分析，指出伴随着两国贸易迅速发展，贸易摩擦将是一个长期的课题。更多还原

【Abstract】 America is the biggest developed country in the world and China is the biggest developing nation. Their trade relations have made the considerable progress since the two countries established diplomatic relations because of greatly stronger supplementary mutual benefit in the economy and trade domain. USA has become the second biggest trade partner and the greatest investment country of China. China is the third biggest trade partner and the quickest market of export for USA.The Sino-American trade relation that experienced trials and hardship has passed through 26 years. The trade disputes and the frictions are unceasing and the non-economy factors have made tremendous influence on the normal development, which arose political and economic disputes. It can be said the economic problem politicization has become the main question that the Chinese and America must face in the field of economy and trade. After China entered into WTO, USA realized"the permanent normal trade relations" （PNTR） which means USA will terminate the yearly discussion and open a broader prospect for the Chinese and American economy and trade development. But, this certainly does not mean during the rear PNTR time China and America does not have the barrier on economy and trade relations .The large amount of trade deficit gradually becomes the focal point of trade frictions and the contradiction has the trend to expand and to extend. Under the background of economic globalization and American trade policy adjusted after war, this article makes a concrete analysis on reasons, characteristics, affected factors and realistic problems on the development of China and America, hoping to produce positive function on the trade relation in 21^st century.This article has summarized the trade development condition after China and America established diplomatic relations and divided four parts to carry on the更多还原