【作者】 王明权；

【导师】 李效栋； 张新民；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 黑河流域地处我国西北内陆干旱区,黑河中游是具有悠久历史的古老农业区之一,在2000多年以前就开始屯田垦殖,开发利用水资源的历史源远流长,现在已成为重要的商品粮基地。研究区内水资源的合理开发利用和调配问题由来已久,是伴随当地社会发展同步出现的问题。近年来,由于黑河流域中游张掖市,尤其是张掖市黑河干流沿岸甘州区、临泽县、高台县三区县对水资源的不合理规划、开发、利用导致了一系列的社会和生态环境问题。主要表现为黑河中下游地区的用水矛盾加剧,水事纠纷增多;生态环境恶化,天然胡杨林和灌木林衰败甚至死亡,额济纳旗沦为沙尘暴发源地之一。为了合理利用水资源,用科学的方法研究预测水资源在人为影响下对社会发展和支撑能力,为促进地方社会经济发展、人与自然和谐相处提供理论依据是十分必要的。本文应用主成分分析方法,分析了张掖市黑河干流沿岸甘州区、临泽县、高台县三地的水资源承载力的驱动因素。结合黑河流域的水资源开发利用现状,建立了水资源优化配置模型和水资源承载力计算模型,综合研究了黑河中游张掖市甘州区、临泽县、高台县三地区的水资源合理配置、水资源的承载能力以及节水型社会建设。获得以下主要结论:1、黑河中游研究区域内甘州、临泽、高台三地水资源承载力主要驱动因素可以划分为社会和自然两大系统。在社会系统内部经济因素起决定作用;在自然因素中区域的水资源来量最为重要,研究区的缺水是资源性缺水。2、建立了水资源优化配置模型和承载力模型。通过对水资源优化配置模型和承载力模型的求解计算表明,研究区域内水资源在优化配置以后不能够满足当地社会经济发展和生态环境保护的需求,水资源成超载状态。3、结合张掖市节水型社会建设的实际,提出了节水型社会建设的措施。节水型社会作为解决水资源短缺的主要途径,关键是要解决水权的分配。通过水权的分配,结合经济杠杆才能实现水资源的高效利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is a main controlling factor for economic development and eco-environmental protection in the Zhangye basin, middle reaches of Heihe River. As one of ancient agriculture areas, water resources development and use history more than 2000 years in Zhangye basin. In recent years, due to the unreasonable development and utilization of water resources, lead to a series of society and ecology environment questions in the area. Such as the conflicts about water utilization in the area more than before,the decline of groungwater levels and natural diversiform-leaved poplar forest and bush forest die away even to death, and so on.It is very dangerous for future water exploitation and limits the supply of potable water. Therefore,to utilize and protect valuable water resources effectively, it is necessary to research bearing capacity of water resources under artificial influence.Based on the principle component analysis method,the driving factors about bearing capacity of water resources in Ganzhou Linze and Gaotai were analyzed. According to the development and utilization about the present situation in Heihe River basin, the optimize distribution model of bearing capacity of water resources were established and forecast the bearing capacity of water resources in research areas.The research finding has shown as the following.1 The driving factors about bearing capacity of water resources in research areas were divided into both social and natural system. In the social system economy is important factor and water resource quantity is crucial factor in natural system.2 The optimize distribution model of bearing capacity of water resources were established and forecast the bearing capacity of water resources in research areas. The result shows that water resource quantity in research areas is incapable of social development and environmental protection requirement after optimize distribution.3 Based on the practice of water-saving society in Zhangye , proposes some measures for water-saving society. Water right distribution is most important way to resolve water shortage. To achieve water resources utilization effectively, water right distribution must combine with economic lever.更多还原