【作者】 张巍巍；

【导师】 蔡志坚；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 森林生态效益有助于改善环境，提高社会福利水平。但从我国目前提供生态环境效益主体——生态林的数量和质量来看，还远远不能满足社会需要。造成这一局面的原因是多方面的，其中，尚未建立起完善的森林生态效益补偿途径是制约我国森林发挥其生态效益作用的重要原因。那么，如何完善我国的森林生态效益补偿途径呢?本文针对这一课题进行了研究。 首先，本文通过对森林生态补偿发展历程的回顾，提出了森林生态效益补偿机制的三维结构模型：政府政策干预、市场机制和社会支持。 其次，本文利用三维结构模型对国外森林生态效益的部份典型案例进行了研究，并获得了有益于我国森林生态效益补偿机制完善的启示。 再次，本文全面、客观、系统地探讨了我国森林生态补偿发展过程中存在的问题，这些问题包括政府政策干预的不力、缓慢的市场发展和薄弱的社会支持。特别是，本文还以森林水文服务为例，利用条件估值法(CVM)对我国森林环境服务市场发展中的相关问题进行了进一步的研究，这些问题包括：公众环境意识、公众对森林环境服务收费的态度、公众对森林环境服务的支付意愿以及影响其支付意愿的因素、公众可能选择的支付途径。研究结果表明：公众具有很高的环境意识，超过三分之二的公众对森林环境服务收费持积极的态度，但公众的支付意愿不高，影响公众支付意愿的最主要因素包括家庭年收入、年龄、公众对森林环境服务的了解程度等，捐款、基金、纳税、提高相关受益产品的价格等都是公众选择支付的方式。这些研究结果有助于客观分析我国森林环境服务市场发展的机会与挑战，并推进森林环境服务市场的发展。 最后，本文提出了完善我国森林生态效益补偿途径的建设性意见与政策建议，作为相关部门决策的科学依据，从而推动我国森林生态效益补偿更上一个台阶。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest environmental services help to improve environment and social benefit, but, it is a long history neglect in China. Forest ecological compensation mechanism works with low efficiency and effectiveness now. How to improve the mechanism of forest ecological compensation in China? This paper is focus on this subject.Firstly,the paper reviews the development process of forest ecological compensation. Based on this,I construct a matrix model for FES compensation,which includes:state, community and market. The state instrument includes command-and-control policy and economic incentive policy,Community instrument includes local forest community and non-local forest community. The local community is FES provider, and the non-local forest community is the FES buyer and potential buyer. High community recognition of FES is the driver of FES compensation. Market is the main ways to compensate FES in the global level.Secondly,the paper does some cases study about forest ecological compensation experiences in the global level, and draws some conclusion ,which is beneficial to China forest ecological compensation mechanism improvement.Thirdly,this papers scans China compensation state quo, and find that command and control failure, market failure and community’s week recognition are big problems, just as well as in other countries.The fourth, the paper evaluates the forest environmental services(FES) (especially in the field of forest watershed services) with Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) . The questionnaire is structured in three ways: open ended, dichotomous choice and payment card based forms. All the questions are designed in three catalogues: the perception of FES, the attitude to the FES payment,willingness to pay (WTP) and the factors influencing the values of the WTP. The conclusions include: the communities has high recognition about the FES,2/3 participants have positive attitude to the payment for the FES; but they have lower willingness to pay for FES; Socio-economic variables of the participants such as income,the knowledge of更多还原