【作者】 李莉；

【导师】 殷啸虎；

【作者基本信息】 华东政法学院 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 宪法的基本原则是一个重要的宪法问题,它根源于特定历史时期的社会实践与相应的观念理论,进而在此基础上指导着宪法的制定与实施。本文所要阐述的近现代意义上的宪法基本原则,正是随着资本主义经济的发展,自由主义的觉醒,发端于14—16世纪文艺复兴与宗教改革,形成于17—18世纪启蒙运动及随后的资产阶级革命,最终上升成为“原则”指导着资产阶级宪法的制定与实施,并在今天逐渐扩展至各国,指导着各国宪法的实施与宪政实践的同时逐渐成熟完善的带有普世性的四大宪法基本原则——人民主权原则、人权保障原则、权力制约原则、法治原则。应该说,四大原则是宪法的基础,宪法是四大原则的载体。其中,人民主权原则确立了宪法的正当性基础;人权保障原则宣告了宪法的核心目标与价值追求;权力制约原则构建起包括国家权力在内的一切公共权力运行的基本格局;法治原则奠定了整个社会发展的基本轨道,从根本上说,后两者是实现前两者的方式与途径。而只有建立在四大基本原则基础之上的宪法才能获得理性与实效性。此外,或者更为重要的是,宪法四大基本原则彼此之间的关系处理也直接决定着宪法的有效实施。四大基本原则就像人体一样是一个有机的整体,同时,也像人体会出现机体内在紊乱而生病一样,四大基本原则之间也会因为自身的性质、内容的不同,或者由于人们对它们之间关系的不同的理解与实践把握而出现矛盾与冲突。一旦这种冲突得不到及时的解决,其结果只能导致整个宪法体系的奔溃。所以,在研究宪法基本原则的时候,我们就不能仅仅满足于探索他们的发展历史,还应进一步挖掘它们彼此之间的内在联系与矛盾运动。然而,笔者发现,对于宪法基本原则,现今无论学术界对它的研究还是实践部门对它的运用都存在着很大问题。限于篇幅与能力,笔者主要从学术层面上进行研究论述,总结起来,本文着重两点——在笔者看来,这两点正是当前学术界对近现代宪法基本原则研究的薄弱之处:一、四大宪法基本原则与宪法之间的关系;二、四大宪法基本原则彼此之间的内在联系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The issue about the Constitutional basic principles is very important. They origined from social practice and corresponding theory in specific time. Then, they instructed the formulation and the implementation of the constitution on this basis. This article is to elaborate the constitutional basic principles in modern and contemporary times. They origined from the 14-16th century Renaissance and Reformation, and formed in 17-18th century Enlightenment and the afterwards bourgeois revolution along with capitalism economy development and the liberal ideas’awakening.Finally, they became“the principle”to instruct the formulation and the implementation of the bourgeoisie constitutions. Nowadays, they expand gradually to the various countries and instruct the implementation of these countries’ constitutions and the government’practice. At the same time, they maturely consummate gradually. They hold good universally and include: the people’s sovereignty principle, the human rights principle, the principle of power by restrictied, the principle of rule of law.It should be said that the four principles are the basis of the Constitution,and the Constitutions is the carrier of the four principles.The people’s sovereignty principle establishes the legitimacy of the Constitution; the human rights principle declares the key goal and values of the Constitution; the principle of power by restrictied builts up a pattern of the use of all public power including state power; the principle of rule of law establishes the basic track of the whole social development. Fundamentally speaking, the latter two are both former ways and means to achieve the former two. However ,only on the basis of the four basic principles the Constitution can be rational and effective.In addition, or more importantly, how to deal with the relationship between the four basic principles of the Constitution may directly determine the effective implementation of the Constitution. The four basic principles are an organic whole,just like a human body.A man may get sick because of the inherent disorder of the organism.Similarly, contradiction and conflict can be arise between the four basic principles because of their different nature and content,or because people’s different understanding and application to them. And the whole constitutional system will go straight routedly if such contradiction and conflict are not promptly resolved. Therefore, in the studying of the four basic principles of the Constitution, we can not only explore their development history, but also further tap the inherent links and contradictive movements between them.However, the author found that there exist very serious promblems both in academic research and practice on the Constitutional basic principles. Since restricted by the article length and the author’s ability, the author will mainly carries on the elaboration on the academic level. Generally speaking,this article has two emphasis—first:the relationship between the four basic principles and the Constitution; second: the inherent links among the four basic principles. And these above two points are the weakness of the current academic research on the constitutional basic principles.更多还原