【作者】 孙丽娜；

【导师】 赵莉；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 为了防治柽柳在美国的危害,我们以斯氏伞锥象(Coniatus steveni Capiomont)作为柽柳生物防治的目标天敌,对其生物、生态学特性及其对柽柳的取食危害程度进行了系统的研究,结果如下:斯氏伞锥象在新疆乌鲁木齐地区一年发生三代,以成虫在柽柳茎、枝的缝隙和分叉处越冬,少部分在柽柳植株下土层表面的腐殖质内越冬。翌年3月下旬出蛰,4月下旬大量产卵,卵产于柽柳芽苞或叶腋内。5月中旬第一代成虫羽化,6月下旬第二代成虫羽化,8月中旬第三代成虫羽化,10月上旬开始越冬。斯氏伞锥象幼虫和成虫均喜食芽苞和嫩茎。幼虫四个龄期,1至4龄头壳宽度分别为0.175、0.223、0.338和0.459mm。在17、20、24、28和32℃条件下,研究了温度对斯氏伞锥象生长发育等生物学特性的影响。卵、幼虫、预蛹、蛹、产卵前期成虫及全世代的发育起点温度依次为13.48、12.48、10.32、13.28、8.71和11.44℃,有效积温依次为46.52、121.52、31.70、62.17、186.19和445.78日度。斯氏伞锥象在32℃条件下产卵前期最短,为8.25天,从开始产卵到第一次产卵高峰之间为13.06天。在20和24℃条件下其产卵量和雌雄成虫寿命均可达最大值,其中产卵量分别为158.40和153.53粒,雌成虫寿命分别为125.25和100.65天,雄成虫寿命分别为80.71和81.50天。综合各种因素,24℃左右是斯氏伞锥象繁殖的最适温度。通过实验种群生命表的组建,斯氏伞锥象在17℃下世代存活率最低,为2.8%;在28℃下世代存活率最高,为54.6%。在各虫态中1龄幼虫的死亡率高于其他各虫期,预蛹和蛹期的死亡率在各温度下均为零。24℃下斯氏伞锥象的种群趋势指数和净增值率均达最大值,其中种群趋势指数为27.57,是17℃条件下的59倍,净增值率为31.96。内禀增长力在32℃下达最大值,为0.0520。与实验种群生命表相比较,在自然条件下,斯氏伞锥象的死亡主要发生在卵期,死亡率达51.46%,种群趋势指数为10.78。斯氏伞锥象对柽柳危害最大时期是成虫产卵前期,该时期取食量是幼虫期的5.7倍。斯氏伞锥象在取食同时造成的柽柳枝条损毁量可达对柽柳枝条总损坏量的8%。斯氏伞锥象幼虫在柽柳上的取食对柽柳的生长发育有显著抑制效果。当虫量为1头/10cm时,柽柳枝长增量和茎宽增量可分别减小62.4%和40.5%。斯氏伞锥象幼虫对柽柳的抑制效果与虫口密度成正相关,经回归模型预测,当虫口密度达到7头幼虫/10cm时,柽柳枝长和茎宽即可停止生长。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coniatus steveni Capiomont has 3 generations annually and the larva have four instars. Itoverwintering as adult on lacunae or crotch of the branch or in humus under the plantThe development and other biology peculiarity of Coniatus steveni (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) undera range of constant temperatures (17, 20, 24, 28 and 32℃) were studied in the laboratory. The 2 and 3instars and the prepupa are sensitivity to temperature, are the main stage. The threshhold temperatures foregg, larva, prepupa, pupa, pre-oviposition adult, and whole generation are respectively 13.48, 12.48, 10.32,13.28, 8.71 and 11.44℃. The number of degree-days for the development of each life stage is 46.52 for egg,121.52 for larva, 31.7 for prepupa, 62.17 for pupa, 186.19 for pre-ovipositional adult, and 445.78 for wholegeneration from egg to pre-ovipositional adult.Life tables of laboratory population of Coniatus steveni at five different temperatures were consfructed.It has maximal generation mortality at 17℃and has maximal generation livability at 28℃. The mortality of1st instar is higher than other stages. The mortality of the stage from prepupa to adult is zero. Both the I andRo has maximum at 24℃, and The I(27.57) is 59 times to 17℃. The rm has maximum at 32℃is 0.0520.Compare to life tables of laboratory population, the mortality of egg is higher than other stage atnaturalness is 51.46%. The I is 10.78.The damage to saltcedar plants by adults prior to oviposition was significantly higher than that bylarvae in that consumption of pre-ovipositional adults was 5.7 times as large as larvae plus dropping debriscaused by feeding accounting for 8% of total debris. The growth of tamarisks was retarded by feeding ofC. steveni and stoped when feeding larvae above 7 per 10 cm long branch.更多还原