【作者】 饶晓娟；

【导师】 文启凯； 蒋平安； 周抑强；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)是具有良好品质和生态、经济效益的优质牧草。随着我国畜牧业的快速发展和农业产业结构的调整,苜蓿草生产越来越受到人们的重视。氮、磷、钾营养作为植物正常生长所必需的大量营养元素,也是评价牧草品质高低的重要指标,对提高紫花苜蓿草产量和品质有重要的影响。迄今为止,有关磷、钾营养对紫花苜蓿草产量及其产量构成、苜蓿草品质的研究不为多见,而新疆有关磷、钾营养和接种根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿草产量及其产量构成、品质影响的研究更是少之又少。本文针对上述问题,于2003年分别在新疆昌吉榆树沟乡设田间苜蓿打草生产试验和种子试验,研究磷、钾肥配比对不同品种苜蓿产量、品质及养分吸收特性的影响;在新疆农业大学实验田设盆栽施肥参数试验和磷钾肥配比试验,系统研究苜蓿的施肥参数、最佳施肥量及磷、钾肥配比对紫花苜蓿产量、品质及养分吸收的影响。2004年在重复上述田间、盆栽试验的同时,在新疆农业大学试验田设根瘤菌接种试验,研究接种根瘤菌对苜蓿产量、品质及营养吸收特性的影响;2005年在重复上述试验的同时,又设根瘤菌接种试验进行补充性研究。主要研究结果如下:一、盆栽条件下,在适宜用量范围内,对苜蓿三年的产量进行分析,可知苜蓿产量与年限呈指数函数y=18.4596e0.4359x(R=0.9984)增长;通过建立磷、钾肥与产量的回归方程发现:随磷、钾施用量的增加苜蓿产量、氮磷钾的吸收量均相应增加,但是磷钾施用量过高并不利于苜蓿植株的生长和产量的提高,磷、钾配比有一定的交互作用,获得最大年产草量的磷、钾用量分别为重过磷酸钙5.089克/10kg土,硫酸钾2.584克/10kg土,在此施肥处理下,产量为36.734克/10kg土;当苜蓿产量最高时,其体内氮、磷、钾含量N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.264:1.434。获得氮最大吸收量的磷、钾用量分别为重过磷酸钙4.452克/10kg土,硫酸钾2.365克/10kg土,氮吸收量为1.156克/10kg土;获得磷最大吸收量的磷、钾用量分别为重过磷酸钙5.990克/10kg土,硫酸钾4.354克/10kg土,磷吸收量为0.124克/10kg土。二、新疆昌吉榆树沟乡连续三年的田间苜蓿品种施肥试验结果表明:苜蓿品种干草产量结果:新苜一号杂花苜蓿以尿素97.8kg/ha,过磷酸钙293.5 kg/ha,硫酸钾136.4 kg/ha(处理1)干草产量最高47025.93 kg/ha,其干草产量达到最高时苜蓿体内氮、磷、钾含量N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.326:1.999;新疆大叶紫花苜蓿以尿素97.8kg/ha,过磷酸钙1076.1kg/ha,硫酸钾409.1kg/ha(处理3)干草产量最高43037.72 kg/ha,其干草产量达到最高时苜蓿体内氮、磷、钾含量N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.233:1.711,新苜一号较新疆大叶的产量高。苜蓿品种株高分析结果:应用Logistic方程y=k/(1+ae-cx)对不同品种苜蓿株高进行模拟,得到各苜蓿品种在不同磷钾肥配比条件下的植株最大增长速率,最大增长速率出现的天数和平均增长速率。结果表明,新苜一号杂花苜蓿磷钾配比以重过磷酸钙855.33kg/ha,硫酸钾334.65 kg/ha(处理1);新疆大叶紫花苜蓿磷钾配比以重过磷酸钙1076.1kg/ha,硫酸钾409.1kg/ha(处理3)植高平均增长速率最大、最大增长速率最大、持续增长的天数最长,新苜一号较新疆大叶的增长幅度大。苜蓿品种氮磷钾吸收分析结果:新苜一号杂花苜蓿以尿素97.8kg/ha,过磷酸钙293.5 kg/ha,硫酸钾136.4 kg/ha(处理1)氮磷钾吸收量最大,而新疆大叶苜蓿处理间不显著。三、新疆农业大学试验田进行的根瘤菌接种试验结果表明,接种根瘤菌可以在一定程度上提高苜蓿产量,改善苜蓿品质。试验1结果表明XSW-1两年产量均最高,但处理间差异未到达显著水平;根瘤菌XM-8两年氮吸收量均最高,第二年处理间差异达到极显著水平。试验2结果表明根瘤菌XSWH产量和磷钾吸收量均最高,分别比未处理高36.25%,56.04%,25.11%,处理间差异均达到显著水平,处理GXSW+XSWH氮吸收量最高,比未处理氮吸收量高29.41%,处理间差异显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important high quality forage crop with ecological and economic benefits. With rapid development of animal husbandry and re-adjustment of cropping systems in China, alfalfa is receiving more and more attention. Nitrogen, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are essential nutrients for normal plant growth, but also important components in alfalfa forage quality evaluation. Therefore, the status of P and K nutrition has significant effects on alfalfa yield and quality. Although there are research reported in the literature on effects of P and K on yield and quality of alfalfa, little work has been done to study the effects of P and K nutrition and inoculating rhizobia on alfalfa yield and quality in Xinjiang.In 2003, field experiment was conducted in Changji County of Xinjiang province to determine the effect of 3 levels of P and K and their combinations on growth yield and quality of alfalfa. Furthermore pot experiment was also conducted in Xinjiang Agricultural University Trial Field to study 3 levels of P and K and their interactions on yield and quality of alfalfa. In 2004, the above 2 experiments were continued, and additional field experiment with 3 genus rhizobia was conducted in Xinjiang Agricultural University Trial Field to study the influence of inoculating rhizobia on alfalfa yield and quality. In 2005, the above 3 experiments were continued, and additional field experiment 4 genus rhizobium was conducted in Xinjiang Agricultural University Trial Field to validate the rhizobium experiment. The results and main conclusions are as following:一、Results from pot experiments indicated that forage yield was increased with increase of application rates of P and K until to optimal level, over which, further increase of P and K application rate resulted in negative effects on plant growth and yield. Significant interactive effects of P and K on alfalfa plant growth and yield were also found. The proper quantities were phosphorus fertilizer 5.089g/l0kg soil and potassium fertilizer 2.584g/10 kg soil. When the yield reach to the highest the optimum ratio of N: P2O5: K2O is 1: 0.264: 1.434. Based on three-year- yield of the alfalfa, we can obtain a fertilizer response function, its optimum fertilization and the yields in three years with the function y=18.4596e0.4359x(R=0.9984). Proper use of P and K fertilizer progressive absorption of N, P and K alfalfa plant, but excessive application of P and K fertilizer had negative effects on absorption of alfalfa forage. Significant interactive effects of P and K on N absorption alfalfa were also found. The proper quantity of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were 4.452g/l0kg soil and 2.365g/10 kg soil. Significant interactive effects of P and K on P absorption alfalfa were also found. The proper quantity of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were 5.990g/l0kg soil and 4.354g/10 kg soil.二、Field experiment was conducted to investigate different amount of fertilizer on growth and yield and nutrition absorption of two kinds of alfalfa crop in maroon calcium soil.Based on three years plant heights of two kinds of alfalfa, we can obtain the highest increased rate (HIR) of plant height, maximum period of HIR and the average growth rate by using the logistic equation y=k/(1+aebx). Result indicated that the optimum rate of P and K to obtain the highest yield, the highest increase rate of plant growth and its maximum period, and highest average growth rate was treatment 1 for Medicago varia Martin.cv.Xinmu.No.1 and treatment 3 for Medicago sativa L.cv.Xinjiang Daye.Based on three-year-yield of two kinds of alfalfa, we can find that the yield of Medicago varia Martin.cv.Xinmu.No.1 reached to the highest was treatment 1, its optimum ratio of N: P2O5: K2O is 1:0.326:1.999; the yield of Medicago sativa L.cv.Xinjiang Daye reached to the highest was treatment 3, its optimum ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is 1:0.233:1.711.更多还原